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ARBITRATION (PROTOCOL AND CONVENTION) ACT,1937
6 of 1937
4th March, 1937
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS "The Government of India have had for some time past under consideration the question of India's adherence to the Geneva Protocol on Arbitration Clauses (1923) and the International Convention on the Execution of Freign Arbitral Awards (1927). The object of these Instruments is to meet the widely expressed desire of the commercial world that arbitration agreements should be ensured effective recognition and protection. A large number of countries including many of first class commercial and industrial importance, e.g.. the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, have adhered to these Instruments. After consulting Local Governments. High Courts and commercial bodies, a majority of whom were found to be in favour of India's accession to these Instruments, the case was placed before the Commerce Department Standing Advisory Committee of the Legislature who recommended that India should adhere to the Instruments. These have accordingly been signed at Geneva on behalf of India, subject to reservations limiting India's obligations under the Instruments to commercial contracts and excluding the Indian States from the scope of the Instruments. The Instruments provide for their ratification by a contracting party before they are enforced in respect of that party. Prior to ratification it is necessary to enact legislation to implement certain obligations contracted under these Instruments, and the present Act incorporates the legislation needed in this respect". - Gazette of India, 1936, Part V, p. 101.
An Act to make certain further provisions respecting the law of arbitration in b[India]. WHEREAS India was a State signatory to the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses set forthb in the First Schedule, and to the Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards set forth in the Second Schedule, subject in each case to a reservation of the right to limit its obligations in respect thereof to contracts which are considered as commercial under the law in force inb[India]; AND WHEREAS it is expedient, for the purpose of giving effect to the said Protocol and of enabling the said Convention to become operative inb[India], to make certain further provisions respecting the law of arbitration: It is hereby enacted as follows:-
SECTION 01: SHORT TITLE, EXTENT AND OPERATION
(1) This Act may be called The Arbitration (Protocol and Convention) Act, 1937.
2[(2) It extends to the whole of India3[* * *].]
(3) The provisions of this Act, except this section, shall have effect only from such date as the5 [Central Government] may, by notification in the5[Official Gazette], appoint in this behalf, and the4 [Central Government] may appoint different dates', for the coming into effect of different provisions of the Act.
SECTION 02: INTERPRETATION
- In this Act-6[* * * * *]6[ * ] "foreign award" means an award on differences relating to matters considered as commercial under the law in force in7[India] made after the 28th day of July, 1924,-
(a) in pursuance of an agreement for arbitration to which the Protocol set forth in the First
Schedule applies, and
(b) between persons of whom one is subject to the jurisdiction of some one of such powers as the8[Central Government], being satisfied that reciprocal provisions have been made, may, by notification9in the8[Official Gazette], declare to be parties to the Convention set forth in the Second Schedule, and of whom the other is subject to the jurisdiction of some other of the powers, aforesaid, and
(c) in one of such territories as the8[Central Government], being satisfied that reciprocal provisions have been made, may, by like notification, declare to be territories to which the said convention applies; and for the purposes of this Act an award shall not be deemed to be final if any proceedings for the purposes of contesting the validity of the award are pending in the country in which it was made.
SECTION 03: STAY OF PROCEEDINGS IN RESPECT OF MATTERS TO BE REFERRED TO ARBITRATION
- Notwithstanding anything contained in the10[Arbitration Act, 1940-], or inthe Code of Civil Procedure, 1908-, if any party to a submission made in pursuance of an agreement to which the Protocol set-forth in the First Schedule as modified by the reservation subject to which it was signed by India applies, or any person claiming through or under him, commences any legal proceedings in any Court against any other party to the submission or any person claiming through or under him in respect of-any matter agreed to be referred, any party to such legal proceedings may at any time after appearance and before filing a written statement or taking any other steps in-the proceedings, apply to the Court to stay the proceedings and the Court, unless satisfied that the agreement or arbitration has become inoperative or cannot proceed, or that there is not in fact any dispute between the parties with regard to the matter agreed to be referred, shall make an order staying the procedings.
SECTION 04: EFFECT OF FOREIGN AWARDS
(1) A foreign award shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be enforceable in11[India] as if it were an award made on a matter referred to arbitration in11[India].
(2) Any foreign award which would be enforceable under this Act shall be treated as binding for all purposes on the persons as between whom it was made and may accordingly be relied on by any of those persons by way of defence, set off or otherwise in any legal proceeding in [India], and any references in this Act to enforcing a foreign award shall be construed as including references to relying on an award.
SECTION 05: FILING OF FOREIGN AWARD IN COURT
(1) Any person interested in a foreign award may apply to any court having jurisdiction over the subject-matter of the award that the award be Filed in Court.
(2) The application shall be in writing and shall be numbered and registered as a suit between the applicant as plaintiff and the other parties as defendants.
(3) The Court shall direct notice to be given to the partics to the arbitration, other than the applicant, requiring them to show cause, within a time specified, why the award should not be filed.
SECTION 06: ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN AWARD
(1) Where the Court is satisfied that the foreign award is enforceable under this Act, the Court shall order the award to be filed and shall proceed to pronounce judgment according to the award.
(2) Upon the judgment so pronounced a decree shall follow, and no appeal shall lie from such decree except in so far as the decree is in excess of or not in accordance with the award.
SECTION 07: CONDITIONS FOR ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN AWARDS
1(1) In order that: a foreign award may be enforceable under this Act it must have
(a) been made in Pursuance of an agreement for arbitration which was valid under the law by which it was governed,
(b) been made by the tribunal provided for in the agreement or constituted in manner agreed upon by the parties,
(c) been made in conformity with the law governing the arbitration procedure,
(d) become final in the country in which it was made, . -
(e) been in respect of a matter which may lawfully be referred to arbitration under the law of12[India], and .enforcement thereof must not be contrary to the public policy or the law of12[India].
(2) A foreign award shall not be enforceable under this Act if the Court dealing with the case is satisfied that-
(a) the award has been annulled in the country in which it was made, or
(b) the party against whom it is sought to enforce the award was not given notice of the arbitration proceedings in sufficient time to enable him to present his case, or was under some legal incapacity and was not properly represented, or
(c) the award does not deal with all the questions referred or contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the agreement for arbitration: Provided that if the award does not deal with all questions referred the Court may, if it thinks fit, either postpone the enforcement of the award or order its enforcement subject to the giving of such security by the person seeking to enforce it as the Court may think fit.
(3) If a party seeking to resist the enforcement of a foreign award proves that there is any groun other than the non-existence of the conditions specified in clauses (a), (b) and (c) o sub-section (1), ot the existence of the conditions specified in clauses (b) and (c) of sub-section (2), entitling him to contest the validity of the award, the Court may, if it thinks fit, either refuse to enforce the award or adjourn the hearing until after the expiration of such period as appears to the Court to be reasonably sufficient to enable that party to take the necessary steps to have the award annulled by the competent tribunal.
SECTION 08: EVIDENCE
(1) The party seeking to enforce a foreign award must produce-
(a) the original award or a copy there of duly authenticated in manner required by the law of the country in which it was made;
(b) evidence providing that the award has become final; and
(c) such evidence as may be necessary to prove that the award is a foreign award and that the conditions mentioned in clauses (a), (b) and (c) of subjection (1) ofsection 7-are satisfied.
(2) Where any document requiring to be produced under sub-section (1) is in a foreign language, the party seeking to enforce the award shall produce a translation into English certified as correct by a diplomatic or consular agent of the country to which that party belongs or certified as correct in such other manner as may be sufficient according to the law in force in13[India]
SECTION 09: SAVING
Nothing in this Act shall-
(a) prejudice any rights which any person would have had of enforcing in14[India] any award or of availing himself in14[India] of any award if this Act had not been passed, or
(b) apply to any award made on an arbitration agreement governed by the law of14[India].
SECTION 10: RULE
making powers of the High Court.- The High Court may make rules15consistent with this Act as to-
(a) the filing of foreign awards and all proceedings consequent thereon or incidental thereto;
(b) the evidence which must be furnished by a party seeking to enforce a foreign award under this Act; and
(c) generally, all proceedings in Court under this Act.
SCHEDULE 01: PROTOCOL ON ARBITRATION CLAUSES
The undersigned, being duly authorised, declare that they accept, on behalf of the countries which they represent, the following provisions: 1. Each of the Contracting States recognises the validity of"an agreement whether relating to existing or future differences "between parties subject respectively to the jurisdiction of different Contracting States by which the parlies to a contract agree to submit to arbitration - all or any differences that may arise in connection with such contract relating to commercial matters or to any other matter capable of a settlement by arbitration, whether or not the arbitration is to take place in a country to whose jurisdiction none of the parties is subject. Each Contracting State reserves the right to limit the obligation mentioned above to contracts which are considered as commercial under its national law. Any contracting State which avails itself of this right will notify the Secretary -General of the League of Nations in order that the other Contracting States may be so informed. 2. The arbitral procedure, including the constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal, shall be governed by the will of the parties and by the law of the country in whose territory the arbitration takes place. The Contracting States agree to facilitate all steps in the procedure which require to be taken in their own territories, in accordance with the provisions of their law governing arbitral procedure applicable to "existing differences." 3. Each Contracting State undertakes to ensure the execution by its authorities and in accordance with the provisions of its national laws of arbitral awards made in its own territory under the preceding articles. 4. The Tribunals of the Contracting Parties, on being seized of a dispute regarding a contract made between persons to whom Article I applied and including an arbitration Agreement whether referring to present as future differences" which is valid in virtue of the said article and capable of being carried into effect, shall refer the parties on the application of either of them to the decision of the Arbitrators,"Such reference shall not prejudice the competence of the judicial tribunals incast the agreement or the arbitration cannot proceed or becomes inoperative." 5. The present Protocol, which shall remain open for signature by all States, shall be ratified. The ratification shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, who shall notify such deposit to all the Signatory States. 6. The present Protocol will come into force as soon as two ratifications have been deposited. There after it will take effect, in the case of each Contracting State, one month after the notification by the Secretary-General of the deposit of its ratification. 7. The present Protocol may be denounced by any Contracting State on giving one year's notice. Denunciation shall be effected by a notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the League, who will immediately transmit copies of such notification to all the other Signatory States and inform them of the date on which it was received. The denunciation shall take effect one year after the date on which it was notified to the Secretary- General, and shall operate only in respect of the notifying State. 8. The Contracting Statesmay declare that their acceptance of the present Protocol does not include any or all of the, undermentioned territories; that is to say, their colonies, overseas possessions or territories, protectorates, or the territories over which they exercise a mandate. The said States may subsequently adhere separately on behalf of any territory thus excluded. The Secretary- General of the League of Nations shall be informed as soon as possible of such. adhesions. He shall notify such adhesions lo all Signatory States. They will take effect one month after the notification by the Secretary-General to all Signatory States.. The Contracting States may also denounce the Protocol separately on behalf of any of the territories referred to above. Article 7 applies to such denunciation.
SCHEDULE 02: CONVENTION ON THE EXECUTION OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS
Article 1.- In' the territories of any High Contracting Party to which the present Convention applies, an arbitral award made in pursuance of an agreement whether relating to existing or future differences (hereinafter called "a submission to arbitration") covered by the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses opened at Geneva On September 24th, 1923, shall be recognised as binding and shall be enforced in accordance with the rules of the procedure of the territory where the award is relied upon, provided that the said award has been made in a territory of one of the High Contracting Parties to which the present Convention applies and between persons who are subject to the jurisdiction of one of the High Contracting Parties, To obtain such recognition or enforcement, it shall, further, be necessary- (a) That the award had been made in pursuance of a submission to arbitration which is valid under the law applicable thereto; (b) That the subject-matter of the award is capable of settlement by arbitration under the law of the country in which the award is sought to be relied upon; (c) That the award has been made by the Arbitral Tribunal provided for in the submission to arbitration or constituted in the manner agreed upon by the parties and in conformity with the law governing the arbitration procedure; (d) That the award has become final in the country in which it has been made in the sense that it will not be considered as such if it is open to opposition, appeal or pourvoi en cassation (in the countries where such forms of procedure exist) or if it is proved that any proceedings for the purpose of contesting the validity of the award are pending; (e) That the recognition or enforcement of the award is not contrary to the public policy or to the principles of the law of the country in which it is sought to be relied upon. Article 2.- Even if the conditions laid down in Article I hereof are fulfilled, recognition and enforcement of the award shall be refused if the Court is satisfied: (a) That the award has been annulled in the country in which it was made; (b) That the party against whom it is sought to use the award was not given notice of the arbitration proceeding in sufficient time to enable him to present his case; or that. being under a legal incapacity, he was not properly represented: (c) That the award does not deal with the differences contemplated by or falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration or that it contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration. If the award has not covered all the questions submitted to the arbitral tribunal, the competent authority of the country where recognition or enforcement of the award is sought can, if it thinks fitt, postpone such recognition or enforcement or grant it subject to such guarantce as that authority may decide.. Artiele 3.- If the party against whom the award has been made proves that under the law governing the arbitration procedure, there is a ground other than the grounds referred to in Article l(a) and (c), and Article 2(b) and (c), entitling him to contest the validity of the award in a Court of Law, the Court may, if it thinks fit, either refuse recognition or enforcement of the award or adjourn the consideration thereof, giving such party a reasonable time within which to have the award annulled by the competent tribunal. Artiele 4.- The party relying upon an award or claiming its enforcement must supply, in particular: (1) The original award or a copy thereof duly authenticated, according to the requirements of the law of the country in which it was made-, (2) Documentary or other evidence to prove that the award has become final, in the sense aefined in Art. 1 (d), in he country in which it was made; (3) When necessary, documentary or other evidence to prove that the conditions laid down in Article 1, paragraph 1 and paragraph 2(a) and (c), have been fulfilled. A translation of the award and of the other documente mentioned in this Article into the official language of the country where the award is sought to be relied upon may be demanded. Sach translations must be certified correct by a diplomatic or consular agent of the country to which the party who seeks to rely upon the award belongs or by a sworn translator of the country where the award is sought to be relied upon. Article 5.- The provisions of the above Article shall not deprive any interested party of the right of availing himself of an arbitral award in the manner and to the extent allowed by the law or the treaties of the country where such award is sought to be relied upon. Article 6.- The present Convention applies only to arbitral awards made after the coming into force of the Protocol on Aribtration Clauses, opened at Geneva on Septemeber 24th, 1923. Article 7. - The present Convention, which will remain open to the signature of all the signatories of the Protocol of 1923 on Arbitration Clauses, shall be ratified. It may be ratified only on behalf of those Members of the League of Nations and non-Member States on whole behalf the Protocol of 1923 shall have been ratified. Ratifications shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Secretary-General of the League of Nations who will notify such depocit to all the signatories, Article 8.- The present Convention shall come into force three months after it shall have been ratified on behalf of two High Contracting Parties. Thereafter, it shall take effect, in the case of each High Contracting Party, three months after the deposit of the ratification on its behalf with the Srcretary- General of the League of Nations* Article 9.- The present Convention may be denounced on behalf of any Member of the League or non-Member State. Denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, who will immediatcly send a copy thereof, certified to be in conformity with the notifications, to all the other Contracting Parties, at the same time inforning them of the date on which he received it. The denunciation shall come into force only in respect of the High Contracting Party which shall have notified it and one year after such notification shall have reached the Secretary-General of (he League of Nation*. The denunciation of the Protocol en Arbitration Clauses shall entail, ipso facto, denunciation of the present Convention. Article l0.- The present Convention does not apply to the Colonies, Protectorates or territories under suzerainty or mandaie of any High Contracting Party unless they are specially mentioned. The application of this Convention to one or more of such Colonies, Protectontm or territories to which the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses opened at Geneva on September 24th 1923, applies, can be effected at any time by means of a declaration addressed to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations by one of the High Contracting Parties. Such declaration shall take effect three months after the deposit thereof. The High Contracting Partics can at any time denounce the Convention for all or any of
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