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NAVAL AND AIRCRAFT PRIZE ACT, 1971
59 of 1971
16th December, 1971
"The term 'prize' is applied to a ship or goods captured by maritime forces of a belligerent at sea or seized in a port. . The term can also be extended to aircrafts and goods carried therein. 2. The universally accepted principle is that a prize has to be adjudicated and thereafter either released or condemned by the sentence of a Prize Court. Such a sentence vests the property in the captor and constitutes international title to the property. 3. In India, the High Courts at Madras, Bombay and Calcutta having Admiralty jurisdiction under the Letters Patent of 1862 had been declared Prize Courts by the Naval Prize Act, 1864, and had to be commissioned in accordance with the procedure prescribed by thePrize Courts Act, 1894before they could function as Prize Courts.. The procedure laid down for the issue of a commission and functioning of the Court is inappropriate and unworkable. At the same time, it is desirable that the release or appropriation of prize is carried out properly. It is therefore, considered necessary to enact a prize law of our own. The emergency makes the passing of this legislation a matter of utmost urgency. 4. The Bill is designed to achieve the objectives mentioned above. The Bill 'inter alia' provides adjudication of cases by Prize Courts consisting of one or more persons who will be citizens of India, and are qualified to be appointed as Judge of a High Court. The Bill also provides that an appeal from the Prize Court would lie to the Central Government."- Gaz. of India, )5-12-1971,Pt.ll,S.2,Ext.,p. 1137.
An Act to provide for the establishment and procedure of Prize Courts and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-second Year of the Republic of India as follows :-
SECTION 01: SHORT TITLE
This Act may be called The Naval and Aircraft Prize Act, 1971.
SECTION 02: DEFINITIONS
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires.-
(a) "aircraft" has the meaning assigned to it in clause (ii) ofsection 4-of the Air Force Act, 1950;
(b) "aircraft papers" includes all books, passes, charterparties, bills of lading, customs receipts, manifests, certificates, licences, lists, tickets, notes, letters and other documents and writings delivered up or found on board a captured aircraft;
(c) "Armed Forces" means the Army, Navy and Air Force or any part of any one or more of them and includes any other armed force in the service of, or employed with, the Army, Navy or Air Force during hostilities;
(d) "goods" includes all such things as may be subject to adjudication as prize, but in the case of a naval prize does not include any aircraft or boat unless the aircraft or boat is a part of the cargo of a ship:
(e) "Prize Court" means a prize Court established under section 3-;
(f) "Indian citizen" includes a company registered in India and having its principal place of business in India;
(g) "military aircraft" means any aircraft belonging to the Armed Forces and includes any armed aircraft in the service of the Armed Forces and any other aircraft used as a' transport or auxiliary or in any other way for the purpose of prosecuting or aiding hostilities;
(h) "prize" means anything which, subject to this Act and the rules made thereunder, may be subjected to adjudication and includes a ship or an aircraft and goods carried therein, irrespective of whether the ship is captured at sea or seized in port or whether the aircraft is on or over land or sea at the time of capture or seizure;
(i) "ship" includes a vessel and a seat with the tackle, furniture and apparel of the ship, vessel or boat;
(j) "ship of war" means any ship belonging to the Armed Forces and includes any armed ship in the service of the Armed Forces and any other ship used as transport or auxiliary or in any other way for the purpose of prosecuting or aiding hostilities;
(k) "ship papers" includes all books, passes, sea briefs, charter parties, bills of lading, customs receipts, manifests, certificates, licences, lists, tickets, notes, letters and other documents and writings delivered up or found on board a ship captured at sea or seized in port.
SECTION 03: ESTABLISHMENT OF PRIZE COURTS
(1) The Central Government may. by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute from time to time as many Prize Courts as the Central Government may determine to exercise the powers and discharge the functions conferred on a Prize Court by this Act and every such Prize Court shall exercise jurisdiction within the local limits of such area or areas as may be specified by the Central Government in the said notification.
(2) Every Prize Court shall consist of such one or more than one member as the Central Government may from time to time deem it necessary to appoint.
(3) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of a Prize Court unless he is a citizen of India and has been or is qualified lo be appointed as a Judge of a High Court.
(4) Subject to the provisions of section 18-, the conditions of service of a member of a Prize Court shall be such as the Central Government may by order determine.
SECTION 04: JURISDICTION OF PRIZE COURTS IN PRIZE CASES
( 1 ) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, every Prize Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction in respect of each prize and each proceeding for the condemnation of property as prize, whether such prize is taken before or after the commencement of this Act. if the prize is-
(a) brought into or seized within the territory of India:
(b) brought into or seized within a locality in the temporary or permanent possession of or occupied by, the Armed Forces of the Union; or
(c) appropriated for the use of the Central Government, and is brought within the territorial jurisdiction of that Prize Court : Provided that in the case of a Naval Prize, the Prize Court shall have jurisdiction only if the prize captured or seized is brought to a port or place lying within the territorial jurisdiction of that Prize Court.
(2) Every Prize Court shall also have exclusive jurisdiction in respect of a prize in which the prize property-
(a) is lost or entirely destroyed; or
(b) cannot be brought in for adjudication because of its nature and condition.
(3) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by subsection (1), a Prize Court shall take cognizance of and judicially proceed upon all manners of captures, seizures, prizes and reprisals of all ships, vessels, aircrafts and goods that are captured or seized, and shall hear and determine the same, and in accordance with this Act and rules made thereunder, shall adjudge and condemn all such ships, vessels, aircrafts and goods belonging to any country or State or the national, citizens or subjects thereof, as may be captured or seized as prize during a war or as a measure of reprisal during an armed conflict or in the exercise of the right of self-defence.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the Prize Court may in respect of any matter for which no provision or insufficient provision is made, by or under this Act, apply the principles of the International Law regulating that matter.
SECTION 05: TRANSFER OF CASES
(1) Where proceedings are pending in any Prize Court against any ship, aircraft or goods, the Prize Court may, at any stage of the proceedings on application being made by the proper officer of the Central Government and upon being satisfied that the proceedings so far as they relate to the ship, aircraft or goods, or any part thereof, would be more conveniently conducted in another Prize Court, make an order remitting the proceedings or the proceedings so far as they relate to the ship, aircraft or goods, or any part of the goods, as the case may be, to such other Prize Court.
(2) Where any proceedings have been so remitted to another Prize Court, that other Prize Court shall have the same jurisdiction to deal with the matter as if the subject-matter of those proceedings had originally been seized within its jurisdiction or brought within its jurisdiction after capture or seizure, as the case may be, and any order made or action taken in those proceedings before the order of remission shall be deemed to have been made or taken by or in that Court.
SECTION 06: APPEALS
( 1 ) Any person aggrieved by an order or decree of the Prize Court may prefer an appeal to the Central Government within a period of ninety days from the date on which such order or decree has been made.
(2) The provisions of sections 5 and 12-of the Limitation Act, 1963-, shall so far as may be, apply for computation of the period specified in sub-section (1).
SECTION 07: GENERAL POWERS OF PRIZE COURTS
(1)A Prize Court shall, for the purposes of this Act, have the same powers as are vested in a Civil Court while trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, in respect of the following matters, namely :-
(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of persons and examining them on oath;
(b) requiring the discovery and production of documents;
(c) receiving evidence on affidavits;
(d) requisitioning any public record or copies thereof from any Court or office; (e) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents; (f) any other matter which may be prescribed by rules.
(2) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), every Prize Court shall have the power to enforce-
(a) any order or decree of another Prize Court passed in a prize proceeding under this Act;
(b) any order of the Central Government passed in a prize appeal under section 6-.
SECTION 08: PROCEDURE ON CAPTURE OF PRIZE
(1) Every ship and every aircraft taken as prize and brought into port or to a place within the jurisdiction of a Prize Court shall forthwith and without bulk broken, be delivered to the Marshal of the Court.
(2) If there is no such Marshal then the ship or aircraft shall be in like manner delivered to such person as the Central Government may appoint in this behalf.
(3) The ship or aircraft shall, subject to the orders of the Court, remain in the custody of the Marshal, or the person appointed under sub-section (2).
SECTION 09: SHIP AND AIRCRAFT PAPERS TO BE BROUGHT IN REGISTRY
(1) The captors shall with all convenient speed after the ship or aircraft is brought into port or to a place within the jurisdiction of a Prize Court bring the ship papers or the aircraft papers, as the case may be, into the Registry of the Prize Court.
(2) The commanding officer or the captain of the capturing ship or aircraft or the commanding officer of the capturing force, or any other officer or person seizing the ship or aircraft at any port or aerodrome or any officer designated by the commanding officer or his superior authority as a Prize Officer or such other officer or person who was present at the capture and saw the ship papers or aircraft papers delivered up or found on board shall make oath that they are brought in as they were taken without fraud, addition, or sub duction or alteration or else shall account on oath to the satisfaction of the Prize Court for the absence or altered condition of the ship papers or aircraft papers or any of them.
(3) Where no ship papers or aircraft papers are delivered up or found on board the captured ship or captured aircraft, the commanding officer or the captain of the capturing ship or aircraft or the commanding officer of the capturing force or any other officer or person seizing the ship or aircraft or the Prize Officer or such other officer or person who was present at the capture shall make an oath to that effect.
SECTION 10: GOODS
The provisions of sections 8 and 9-relating to ships and aircraft shall, so far as may be, extend and apply to goods taken as prize on board a ship or aircraft and the Prize Court may direct such goods to be unladen, inventoried and warehoused.
SECTION 11: PRE-EMPTION
Where a ship of a foreign State passing the seas or an aircraft of a foreign State, laden with military or victualling stores intended to be carried to any place under the control of an enemy is taken in circumstances making it subject to adjudication as prize, and is brought under the control of the Government of India, and the purchase of such stores for the service of the Central Government appears to the said Government expedient without the condemnation thereof in a Prize Court, then the Central Government may purchase on account or for the service of the Central Government all or any of such stores.
SECTION 12: PRIZE PROCEEDINGS NOT TO APPLY TO ENEMY WARSHIPS AND MILITARY AIRCRAFT
Nothing in this Act shall apply to a ship-of-war or military aircraft of the enemy or any other ship or aircraft owned by the enemy whether or not registered in the territory of the enemy or goods carried therein , and no proceedings of prize shall be necessary for the condemnation of such ship-of-war or military aircraft or other ship or aircraft or goods carried therein.
SECTION 13: CAPTURE TO BELONG TO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
(1) Subject to the provisions of sub- section (2), all prizes captured by the Armed Forces of the Union and condemned where necessary in the Prize Court shall be the exclusive property of the Central Government.
(2) The Central Government may, at its discretion, out of the proceeds of the prize, make a grant of such sum of money as it deems fit to the benevolent funds of the Armed Forces of the Union.
SECTION 14: PRIZE SALVAGE
( 1 ) Where any ship or goods or aircraft belonging to an Indian citizen, after being taken as prize by the enemy is or are retaken from the enemy, the same shall be restored by decree or a Prize Court to the owner on his paying to the Central Government as prize salvage one-eighth part of the value of the prize to be decreed and ascertained by the Prize Court or such sum not exceeding one-eighth part of the estimated value of the prize as may be agreed upon between the owner and the Central Government and approved by the 'order of the Prize Court : Provided that where the recapture is made in the circumstances of special difficulty or danger, the Prize Court may if it thinks fit award to the Central Government as prize salvage a larger part than one-eighth but not exceeding in any case one-fourth part of the value of the prize : Provided further that where a ship or aircraft after being so taken is set forth or used by the enemy as a ship-of-war or military aircraft, the aforesaid provision for restitution shall not apply and subject to such compensation to the owner as the Prize Court may determine, the ownership of such ship or aircraft shall vest in the Central Government.
(2) Where a ship belonging to any Indian Citizen after being taken as prize, is retaken from the enemy, such ship may, with the consent of the recaptors, prosecute her voyage and it will not be necessary for the Central Government to proceed to adjudication till her return to a port in India.
(3) The master or owner of the ship or his agent may, with the consent of the Central Government, unload and dispose of the goods on board the ship before adjudication.
(4) In case the ship does not return within six months to a port in India, the Central Government may nevertheless institute proceedings against the ship or goods in a Prize Court and the Prize Court may thereupon award prize salvage as aforesaid and may enforce payment thereof.
(5) The provisions of sub-sections (2), (3) and (4) shall mutatis mutandis apply also to an aircraft belonging to any Indian citizen which after being taken as prize, is retaken from the enemy.
SECTION 15: OFFENCES IN RESPECT OF PRIZE
Every person who is guilty of a prize offence, that is to say, an offence which if committed by a person subject to naval law would be punishable under section 63-,section 64-,section 65-,section 66-orsection 67-of the Navy Act, 1957-, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to two years or with fine or both.
SECTION 16: INDEMNITY AGAINST LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, no suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against any officer of the Armed Forces of the Union or any other person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act or any rules made thereunder.
(2) Save as otherwise expressly provided under this Act, no suit or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Central Government for-any damage caused or likely to be caused by anything in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act or any rules made thereunder.
SECTION 17: POWER TO MAKE RULES
( 1 ) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for regulating the practice and procedure of a Prize Court and for generally carrying out the purposes of this Act.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:-
(a) the institution of cases, issue and service of writs, summons and other processes, and entering appearance and making of claims;
(b) affidavits concerning ship papers or aircraft papers and other affidavits to be or which may be made in a Prize Court or for the purpose of proceedings in a Prize Court;
(c) pleadings, particulars, discovery and inspection of documents and facts, evidence and hearing;
(d) issue of warrants for arrest of prize, and detention of prize; (e) sale, appraisement, safe custody and inspection of prize; (f) bail and release;
(g) requisition by Central Government of ships, aircraft or goods in the custody of a Prize Court:
(h) appointment of assessors and their fees;
(i) enforcement and execution of decrees and orders;
(j) stay of proceedings;
(k) costs of on incidental to any proceedings in the Prize Court and as to the fees to be charged in respect of proceedings therein and as to the taking of security of costs;
(1) procedure for hearing appeals and other matters pertaining to appeals;
(m) appointment, duties and conduct of the officers of a Prize Court and costs, charges and expenses to be allowed to petitioners therein:
(n) the manner in which and the conditions subject to which the right of visit, search, detention or capture of any ship or aircraft or goods thereon may be exercised and the penalty for impeding the exercise of any such right;
(o) the manner in which may such ship or aircraft or goods seized by or under the authority of any officer of the Armed Forces of the Union shall be kept in custody or disposed of
(p) the conditions for declaring any ship or aircraft or cargo thereon as hostile and for condemnation thereof;
(q) the manner in which a ship or aircraft recaptured from the enemy may be disposed of;
(r) the conditions subject to which a right of unhindered passage may be
allowed to a ship or aircraft within the territory of India on the outbreak of hostilities or an armed conflict on the basis of reciprocity;
(s) any other matter which may be, or is required to be, prescribed by rules.
(3) All rules made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be, after they are made, before each House of Parliament while it is in session for a total period of thirty, days, which may be comprised in one session or2[in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid] both Houses agree in making any modification in the rules or both Houses agree that the rules should not be made, the rules shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so however that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under those rules.
SECTION 18: DISSOLUTION OF PRIZE COURTS
The Central Government may at any time when there is no prize proceeding pending before a Prize Court dissolve that Prize Court, and make such further orders as to the custody of the records of that Court as may be considered necessary.
SECTION 19: REPEALS
The Naval Prize Act, 1864, the Naval Agency and Distribution Act, 1864, the Prize Courts Act, 1894, the Prize Courts Procedure Code, 1914. the Prize Courts Act, 1915, the Naval Prize Act, 1918 the Prize Act, 1939, in so far as they apply in Ind
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