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AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981
An Act to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the aforesaid purposes, of Boards, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards, powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected therewith
Whereas decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in June, 1972, in which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the preservation of the natural resources of the earth which, among other things, include the preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution;
And whereas it is considered necessary to implement the decisions aforesaid insofar as they relate to the preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution;
Be it enacted by Parliament in the Thirty-second Year of the Republic of India as follows
CHAPTER I : PRELIMINARY
SECTION 01: SHORT TITLE, EXTENT AND COMMENCEMENT
(1) This Act may be called the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
(2) It extends to the whole of India.
(3) It shall come into force on such date1 as the Central Government may; by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
SECRTION 02: DEFINITIONS
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-
(a) "air pollutant" means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance 2[including noise] present in the atmosphere in such concentration as may be or tend to be injurious to human beings or other living creatures or plants or property or environment;
(b) "air pollution" means the presence in the atmosphere of any air pollutant;
(c) "approved appliance" means any equipment or gadget used for the burning of any combustible material or for generating or consuming any fume, gas or particulate matter and approved by the State Board for the purposes of this Act;
(d) "approved fuel" means any fuel approved by the State Board for the purposes of this Act;
(e) "automobile" means any vehicle powered either by internal combustion engine or by any method of generating power to drive such vehicle by burning fuel;
(f) "Board" means the Central Board or State Board;
(g) "Central Board" means the 3[Central Pollution Control Board] constituted under section 3 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974);
(h) "chimney" includes any structure with an opening or outlet from or through which any air pollutant may be emitted;
(i) "control equipment" means any apparatus, device, equipment or system to control the quality and manner of emission of any air pollutant and includes any device used for securing the efficient operation of any industrial plant;
(j) "emission" means any solid or liquid or gaseous substance coming out of any chimney, duct or flue or any other outlet;
(k) "industrial plant" means any plant used for any industrial or trade purposes and emitting any air pollutant into the atmosphere;
(l) "member" means a member of the Central Board or a State Board, as the case may be, and includes the Chairman thereof;
4(m) "occupier", in relation to any factory or premises, means the person who has control over the affairs of the factory or the premises and includes, in relation to any substance, the person in possession of the substance;]
(n) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act by the Central Government or, as the case may be, the State Government;
(o) "State Board" means-
(i) in relation to a State in which the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974), is in force and the State Government has constituted for that State a 3[State Pollution Control Board] under section 4 of that Act, the said State Board; and
(ii) in relation to any other State, the State Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution constituted by the State Government under section 5 of this Act.
CHAPTER II
CENTRAL AND STATE BOARDS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
3[SECTION 03: CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
The Central Pollution Control Board constituted under section 3 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974), shall, without prejudice to the exercise and performance of its powers and functions under that Act, exercise the powers and perform the functions of the Central Pollution Control Board for the prevention and control of air pollution under this Act.
SECTION 04: STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS CONSTITUTED UNDER SECTION 4 OF ACT 6 OF 1974 TO BE STATE BOARDS UNDER THIS ACT
In any State in which the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974), is in force and the State Government has constituted for that State a State Pollution Control Board under section 4 of that Act, such State Board shall be deemed to be the State Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution constituted under section 5 of this Act and accordingly that State Pollution Control Board shall, without prejudice to the exercise and performance of its powers and functions under that Act, exercise the powers and perform the functions of the State Board for the prevention and control of air pollution under this Act.]
SECTION 05: CONSTITUTION OF STATE BOARDS
(1) In any State in which the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974), is not in force, or that Act is in force but the State Government has not constituted a 3[State Pollution Control Board] under that Act, the State Government shall, with effect from such date as it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint, constitute a 4[State Pollution Control Board] for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution under such name as may be specified in the notification, to exercise the powers conferred on, and perform the functions assigned to, that Board under this Act.
(2) A State Board constituted under this Act shall consist of the following members, namely,-
(a) a Chairman, being a person having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of matters relating to environmental protection, to be nominated by the State Government:
Provided That the Chairman may be either whole-time or part-time as the State Government may think fit;
(b) such number of officials, not exceeding five, as the State Government may think fit, to be nominated by the State Government to represent that government;
(c) such number of persons, not exceeding five, as the State Government may think fit, to be nominated by the State Government from amongst the members of the local authorities functioning within the State;
(d) such number of non-officials, not exceeding three, as the State Government may think fit, to be nominated by the State Government to represent the interests of agriculture, fishery or industry or trade or labour or any other interest, which in the opinion of that government, ought to be represented;
(e) two persons to represent the companies or corporations owned, controlled or managed by the State Government, to be nominated by that government;
4[(f) a full-time member-secretary having such qualifications, knowledge and experience of scientific, engineering or management aspects of pollution control as may be prescribed, to be appointed by the State Government:]
PROVIDED that the State Government shall ensure that not less than two of the members are persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of matters relating to the improvement of the quality of air or the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution.
(3) Every State Board constituted under this Act shall be a body corporate with the name specified by the State Government in the notification issued under sub-section (1), having perpetual succession and a common seal with power, subject to the provisions of this Act, to acquire and dispose of property and to contract, and may by the said name sue or be sued.
SECTION 06: Central Board to exercise the powers and perform the functions of a State Board in the Union Territories
No State Board shall be constituted for a Union Territory and in relation to a Union Territory, the Central Board shall exercise the powers and perform the functions of a State Board under this Act for that Union Territory:
PROVIDED that in relation to any Union Territory the Central Board may delegate all or any of its powers and functions under this section to such person or body of persons as the Central Government may specify.
SECTION 07: TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SERVICE OF MEMBERS
(1) Save as otherwise provided by or under this Act, a member of a State Board constituted under this Act, other than the member-secretary, shall hold office for a term of three years from the date on which his nomination is notified in the Official Gazette:
PROVIDED that a member shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.
(2) The terms of office of a member of a State Board constituted under this Act and nominated under clause (b) or clause (e) of sub-section (2) of section 5 shall come to an end as soon as he ceases to hold the office under the State Government or, as the case may be, the company or corporation owned, controlled or managed by the State Government, by virtue of which he was nominated.
(3) A member of a State Board constituted under this Act, other than the member-secretary, may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed,-
(a) in the case of the Chairman, to the State Government; and
(b) in any other case, to the Chairman of the State Board, and the seat of the Chairman or such other member shall thereupon become vacant.
(4) A member of a State Board constituted under this Act, other than the member-secretary, shall be deemed to have vacated his seat, if he is absent without reason, sufficient in the opinion of the State Board, from three consecutive meetings of the State Board or where he is nominated under clause (c) of sub-section (2) of section 5, he ceases to be a member of the local authority and such vacation of seat shall, in either case, take effect from such date as the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify.
(5) A casual vacancy in a State Board constituted under this Act shall be filled by a fresh nomination and the person nominated to fill the vacancy shall hold office only for the remainder of the term for which the member whose place he takes was nominated.
(6) A member of a State Board constituted under this Act shall be eligible for re-nomination 5[***].
(7) The other terms and conditions of service of the Chairman and other members (except the member-secretary) of a State Board constituted under this Act shall be such as may be prescribed.
SECTION 08: DISQUALIFICATIONS
(1) No person shall be a member of a State Board constituted under this Act, who-
(a) is, or at any time has been, adjudged insolvent, or
(b) is of unsound mind and has been so declared by a competent court, or
(c) is, or has been, convicted of an offence which, in the opinion of the State Government, involves moral turpitude, or
(d) is, or at any time has been, convicted of an offence under this Act, or
(e) has directly or indirectly by himself or by any partner, any share or interest in any firm or company carrying on the business of manufacture, sale, or hire of machinery, industrial plant, control equipment or any other apparatus for the improvement of the quality of air or for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution, or
(f) is a director or a secretary, manager or other salaried officer or employee of any company or firm having any contract with the Board, or with the government constituting the Board, or with a local authority in the State or with a company or corporation owned, controlled or managed by the government, for the carrying out of programmes for the improvement of the quality of air or for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution; or
(g) has so abused, in the opinion of the State Government, his position as a member, as to render his continuance on the State Board detrimental to the interests of the general public.
(2) The State Government shall, by order in writing remove any member who is, or has become, subject to any disqualification mentioned in sub-section (1):
PROVIDED that no order of removal shall be made by the State Government under this section unless the member concerned has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the same.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) or sub-section (6) of section 7, a member who has been removed under this section shall not be eligible to continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office, or, as the case may be, for re-nomination as a member.
SECTION 09: VACATION OF SEATS BY MEMBERS
If a member of a State Board constituted under this Act becomes subject to any of the disqualifications specified in section 8, his seat shall become vacant.
SECTION 10: MEETINGS OF BOARD
(1) For the purposes of this Act, a Board shall meet at least once in every three months and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings as may be prescribed:
PROVIDED that if, in the opinion of the Chairman, any business of an urgent nature is to be transacted, he may convene a meeting of the Board at such time as he thinks fit for the aforesaid purpose.
(2) Copies of the minutes of the meetings under sub-section (1) shall be forwarded to the Central Board and to the State Government concerned.
SECTION 11: CONSTITUTION OF COMMITTEES
(1) A Board may constitute as many committees consisting wholly of members or partly of members and partly of other persons and for such purpose or purposes as it may think fit.
(2) A committee constituted under this section shall meet at such time and at such place, and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings, as may be prescribed.
(3) The members of a committee other than the members of the Board shall be paid such fees and allowances, for attending its meetings and for attending to any other work of the Board as may be prescribed.
SECTION 12: TEMPORARY ASSOCIATION OF PERSONS WITH BOARD FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES
(1) A Board may associate with itself in such manner, and for such purposes, as may be prescribed, any person whose assistance or advice it may desire to obtain in performing any of its functions under this Act.
(2) A person associated with the Board under sub-section (1) for any purpose shall have a right to take part in the discussions of the Board relevant to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote at a meeting of the Board and shall not be a member of the Board for any other purpose.
(3) A person associated with a Board under sub-section (1) shall be entitled to receive such fees and allowances as may be prescribed.
SECTION 13: VACANCY IN BOARD NOT TO INVALIDATE ACTS OR PROCEEDINGS
No act or proceeding of a Board or any committee thereof shall be called in question on the ground merely of the existence of any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the Board or such committee, as the case may be.
SECTION 14: Member-secretary and officers and other employees of State Boards
(1) The terms and conditions of service of the member-secretary of a State Board constituted under this Act shall be such as may be prescribed.
4[(2) The member-secretary of a State Board, whether constituted under this Act or not, shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed, or as may, from time to time, be delegated to him by the State Board or its Chairman.]
(3) Subject to such rules as may be made by the State Government in this behalf, a State Board, whether constituted under this Act or not, may appoint such officers and other employees as it considers necessary for the efficient performance of its functions under this Act.
(4) The method of appointment, the conditions of service and the scales of pay of the officers (other than the member-secretary) and other employees of a State Board appointed under sub-section (3) s
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