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DISPLACED PERSONS (DEBTS ADJUSTMENT) ACT,1951
SECTION 01: SHORT TITLE, EXTENT AND COMMENCEMENT
(1) This Act may be called the Displaced Persons (Debts Adjustment) Act, 1951.
(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
(3) It shall come into force on such date1as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different States or for different parts thereof
SECTION 02: DEFINITIONS
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-
(1) "company" means a company as defined in the Indian Companies Act, 1913, and includes a company deemed to be registered under that Act by reason of any of the provisions contained in this Act:
(2) "Companies Act" means the Indian Companies Act, 1913;
(3) "compensation" means any compensation paid, whether in cash or in kind, in respect of any immovable property in West Pakistan belonging to a displaced person under any general scheme arrived at in this behalf between the Government of India and the Government of Pakistan or framed by the Government of India;
(4) "co-operative society" means a co-operative society registered under the Co-operative Societies Act, 1912or under any other law for the time being in force in any State for the registration of cooperative societies;
(5) "Co-operative Societies Act" meansthe Co-operative Societies Act, 1912, and includes any other law for the time being in force in any State relating to co-operative societies;
(6) "debt" means any pecuniary liability, whether payable presently or in future, or under a decree or order of a Civil or Revenue Court or otherwise, or whether ascertained or to be ascertained, which -
(a) in the case of displaced person who has left or been displaced from his place of residence in any area now forming part of West Pakistan, was incurred before he came to reside in any area now forming part of India;
(b) in the case of a displaced person who, before and after the 15th day of August, 1947, has been residing in any area now forming part of India, was incurred before the said date on the security of any immovable property situate in the territories now forming part of West Pakistan : Provided that where any such liability was incurred on the security of immovable properties situate both in India and in West Pakistan, the liability shall be so apportioned between the said properties that the liability in relation to each of the said properties bears the same proportion to the total amount of the debts as the value of each of the properties as at the date of the transaction bears to the total value of the properties furnished as security, and the liability, for the purposes of this clause, shall be the liability which is relatable to the property in West Pakistan;
(c) is due to a displaced person from any other person (whether a displaced person or not) ordinarily residing in the territories to which this Act extends; and includes any pecuniary liability incurred before the commencement of this Act by any such person as is referred to in this clause which is based on, and is solely by way of renewal of, any such liability as is referred to in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) or sub-clause (c) :
Provided that in the case of a loan, whether in cash or in kind, the amount originally advanced and not the amount for which the liability has been renewed shall be deemed to be the extent of the liability; but does not include any pecuniary liability due under a decree passed after the 15th day of August, 1947 by any Court situate in West Pakistan or any pecuniary liability the proof of which depends merely on an oral agreement;
(7) "displaced bank" means a banking company which, before the 15th day of August, 1947. carried on the business of banking, whether wholly or partially, in any area now forming part of West Pakistan and is declared to be a displaced bank within the meaning of this Act by the Central Government by notification2in the Official Gazette:
(8) "displaced creditor" means a displaced person to whom a debt is due from any other person, whether a displaced person or not;
(9) "displaced debtor" means a displaced person from whom a debt is due or is being claimed;
(10) "displaced person" means any person who. on account of the setting up of the Dominions of India and Pakistan, or on account of civil disturbances or the fear of such disturbances in any area now forming part of West Pakistan, has, after the 1st day of March, 1947, left, or been displaced from, his place of residence in such area and who has been subsequently residing in India, and includes any person who is resident in any place now forming part of India and who for that reason is unable or has been rendered unable to manage, supervise or control any immovable property belonging to him in West Pakistan, but does not include a banking company;
(11) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act;
(12) "Tribunal" means any Civil Court specified undersection 4-as having authority to exercise jurisdiction under this Act;
(13) "verified claim" means any claim registered underthe Displaced Persons (Claims) Act, 1950in respect of which a final order has been passed under that Act relating to its verification and valuation;
(14) "West Pakistan" means the territories of Pakistan excluding the Province of East Bengal.
SECTION 03: OVERRIDING EFFECT OF ACT, RULES AND ORDERS
Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of this Act and of the rules and orders made thereunder shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other law for the time being in force, or in any decree or order of a Court or in any contract between the parties.
SECTION 04: TRIBUNALS COMPETENT TO EXERCISE JURISDICTION UNDER THIS ACT
The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify any Civil Court or class of Civil Courts as the Tribunal or Tribunals having authority to exercise jurisdiction under this Act and may define the areas in which and the extent to which such jurisdiction may be exercised.
SECTION 05: APPLICATION BY DISPLACED DEBTORS FOR ADJUSTMENT OF DEBTS
(1) At any time within one year after the date on which this Act comes into force in any local area, a displaced debtor may make an application for the adjustment of his debts to the Tribunal within the local limits of whose jurisdiction he actually and voluntarily resides, or carries on business or personally works for gain.
(2) Every application by a displaced debtor shall contain the following particulars namely:-
(a) the place where he resides;
(b) the trade, calling, profession or other employment in which he is now engaged and in which he was engaged in West Pakistan before he became a displaced person;
(c) his average annual income in India during the three years immediately preceding the application;
(d) the income-tax and super-tax if any, to which he has been assessed for three years immediately preceding the application;
(e) such other particulars as may be prescribed; and shall be accompanied by the following schedules, namely:
(i) a schedule containing full particulars of all his debts, whether owed jointly or individually, with the names and addresses of his creditors and joint-debtors, if any, so far as they are known to, or can by the exercise of reasonable care and diligence be ascertained by him;
(ii) a schedule of all his properties, both movable and immovable (including claims due to him) which are not liable to attachment either underthe Code of Civil Procedure, 1908-, as amended bysection 31-of this Act or under any other law for the time being in force, a specification of the values thereof and of the places where the same may be found:
(iii) a schedule of all his properties, both movable and immovable (including claims due to him) which are not included in the schedule under item (ii) of this clause; and
(iv) a schedule of all his properties in respect of which a claim has been submitted to the registering officer underthe Displaced Persons (Claims) Act, 1950and, where any order has been passed in relation to the verification and valuation of the claim under that Act, with a certified copy of the order.
(3) All persons whose names are shown in any schedule as having claims against the displaced debtor and all persons whose names are shown as joint-debtors shall be deemed to be the respondents to the application and there shall be filed along with the application or with the permission of the Tribunal at any later stage of the proceedings, as many copies of the application and as many envelopes and notices in the prescribed form duly addressed to the respondents as there are respondents.
Clauses (c) and (d).- "In our opinion the average annual income for the preceding three years would give a better indication of the position of the displaced debtor than his present average monthly income in India as suggested in the original Bill. We have made provision accordingly, and have made a small consequential change in sub-el, (d)" -S.C.R.
SECTION 06: REJECTION OF APPLICATION IN CERTAIN CASES
Where an application made undersection 5-does not comply with any of the requirements of that section, the Tribunal may either reject it, or grant to the applicant such further time as it thinks fit to comply with such requirements."We have revised this clause so as to vest a discretion in the Tribunal either to reject an application which does not comply with the requirements of the Act or to grant the applicant further time, if it thinks fit. to comply therewith."- S. C. R.
SECTION 07: ISSUE OF NOTICE
If the application is not rejected undersection 6-, the Tribunal shall, after causing the date for the hearing of the application to be entered in the notices referred to insection 5-, cause them to be served on the respondents.
SECTION 08: OBJECTION BY RESPONDENTS
In response to a notice undersection 7-, the respondent may show cause against the application by filing a written statement containing his objections to the application: Provided that where he does not appear in person or through any authorized agent, the written statement may be sent by registered post, acknowledgment due, to the Tribunal after having been signed in the presence of a civil judicial officer or a Magistrate or any other prescribed officer and duly attested by such officer or Magistrate."We have made a small change in the Proviso so as to make it clear that any judicial officer exercising civil or criminal powers may attest the written statement. Power is also given to prescribe other officers for the purpose of this clause."- S.C.R.
SECTION 09: PROCEEDING AFTER SERVICE OF NOTICE ON RESPONDENTS
(1) If there is a dispute as to whether the applicant is a displaced person or not or as to the existence of the amount of the debt due to any creditor or the assets of any displaced debtors, the Tribunal shall decide the matter after taking such evidence as may be adduced by all the parties concerned and shall pass such decree in relation thereto as it thinks fit.
(2) If there is no such dispute or if the respondents do not appear or have no objection to the application being granted, the Tribunal may, after considering the evidence placed before it, pass such decree in relation thereto as it thinks fit.
"We have made it clear that the Tribunal may also decide whether the applicant is a displaced person or not. We have also made a similar change in clause 14 (now S. 14) with respect lo displaced creditors." S.C.R.
SECTION 10: CLAIMS BY CREDITORS AGAINST DISPLACED DEBTORS
Any displaced person having a claim against a displaced debtor may make an application, in such form as may be prescribed, for the determination thereof to the Tribunal within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the displaced debtor actually and voluntarily resides, or carries on business, or personally works for gain, together with a statement of the debts owed to the creditor with full particulars thereof. "We have amended clause 51 (now section 51-) so as to provide that compromises or arrangements entered into between displaced banks and displaced debtors should not be affected, if there is in force in respect of the displaced bank a scheme approved by the High Court. Consequently, we think clause 10( now section 10-) should be confined to claims by displaced persons." S.C.R.
SECTION 11: PROCEDURE ON CREDITOR'S PETITION
(1) Where an application under section 10-has been made, the Tribunal shall cause notice thereof to be served on the displaced debtor calling upon him either to show cause, if any, against the application or to make an application on his own behalf under section 5-.
(2) If, in response to a notice under sub-section (1), the displaced debtor makes an application in accordance with the provisions of section 5-, the Tribunal shall proceed further in the matter as if it had commenced with an application by the displaced debtor under section 5-, and all the other provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly; but, if the displaced debtor does not choose to make any such application, the Tribunal shall, after considering such evidence, if any, as may be produced before it, determine the claim and pass such decree in relation thereto as it thinks fit.
(3) The period of limitation specified in sub-section (1) of section 5-in respect of an application by a displaced debtor shall not apply to an application made under sub-section (2),
SECTION 12: OBJECTION BY CREDITOR TO SCHEDULE OF ASSETS
(1) Any creditor of a displaced debtor may make an application to the Tribunal staling that the displaced debtor, who has made an application under section 5-or sub-section (2) of section 11-has concealed any part of his assets, and the Tribunal shall, after giving due notice thereof to the displaced debtor, determine the matter.
(2) If the Tribunal finds that the displaced debtor has wilfully and fraudulently omitted to include such assets in his application, the Tribunal may dismiss the application or refuse to allow to the displaced debtor any of the reliefs under this Act to which he would otherwise have been entitled or pass such other order in relation thereto as it thinks fit.
SECTION 13: CLAIMS BY DISPLACED CREDITORS AGAINST PERSONS WHO ARE NOT DISPLACEDDEBTORS
At any time within one year after the date on which this Act comes into force in any local area, any displaced creditor claiming a debt from any other person who is not a displaced person may make an application, in such form as may be prescribed, to the Tribunal within the local limits of whose jurisdiction he or the respondent or, if there are more respondents than one, any of such respondents, actually and voluntarily resides, or carries on business or personally works for gain together with a statement of the debt owing to him with full particulars thereof.
SECTION 14: PROCEDURE ON DISPLACED CREDITOR'S PETITION
(1) Where an application under section-has been made to the Tribunal, the Tribunal shall cause notice thereof to be given to the debtor, calling upon him to show cause, if any, against the application.
(2) If there is a dispute as to whether the applicant is a displaced creditor or not or as to the existence of the debt or as to the amount thereof, the Tribunal shall decide the matter, after taking such evidence as may be produced before it, and pass such decree in relation thereto as it thinks fit.
(3) If there is no such dispute or if the debtor does not appear or has no cause to show, the Tribunal may, after considering the evidence placed before it, pass such decree in relation thereto as it thinks fit.
SECTION 15: CONSEQUENCES OF APPLICATION BY DISPLACED DEBTOR
Where a displaced debtor has made an application to the Tribunal under section 5-or under sub-section (2) of section 11-, the following consequences shall ensue, namely:-
(a) all proceedings pending at the date of the said application in any Civil Court in respect of any debt to which the displaced debtor is subject (except proceedings by way of appeal or review or revision against decrees or orders passed against the displaced debtor) shall be stayed, and the records of all such proceedings other than those relating to the appeals, reviews or revisions as aforesaid shall be transferred to the Tribunal and consolidated;
(b) all attachments, injunctions, orders appointing receivers or other processes issued by any such Court and in force at the date of the said application in respect of any such debt shall cease to have effect and no fresh process shall, except as hereinafter expressly provided, be issued : Provided that where an order appointing a receiver ceases to have effect under this section, the receiver shall, within fourteen days from the date on which his appointment ceases to have effect or within such further time as the Tribunal may in any case allow, submit to the Tribunal instead of to the Court which appointed him his outstanding accounts, and the Tribunal shall, in relation to such accounts, have the same powers with respect to the receiver as the Court which appointed him had or could have had;
(c), no fresh suit or other proceeding [other than any such appeal, review or revision as is referred to in clause (a)] shall be instituted against a displaced debtor in respect of any debt mentioned by him in the relevant schedule to his application;
(d) any immovable property belonging to the displaced debtor and liable to attachment shall not be transferred except under the authority of the Tribunal and on such terms as it thinks fit until the application of the displaced debtor has been finally disposed of or any decree passed against him is satisfied in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
"We have amplified this clause so as to provide that - (a) the displaced debtor shall not transfer his immovable property without the permission of the Tribunal pending the disposal of the proceedings initiated by him or pending the satisfaction of any decree passed against him; and (b) the receiver appointed by a civil Court shall be accountable to the Tribunal where the order appointing him ceases to have "effect". - S.C.R.
SECTION 16: DEBTS SECURED ON IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
(1) Where a debt incurred by a displaced person is secured by a mortgage, charge or lien on the immovable property belonging to him in West Pakistan, the Tribunal may, for the purpose of any proceeding under this Act, require the creditor to elect to retain the security or to be treated as an unsecured creditor.
(2) If the creditor elects to retain the security, he may apply to the Tribunal, having jurisdiction in this behalf as provided in section 10-, for a declaration of the amount due under his debt.
(3) Where in any case, the creditor elects to retain his security, if the displaced debtor receives any compensation in respect of any such property as is referred to in sub-section (1), the creditor shall be entitled -
(a) where the compensation is paid in cash, to a first charge thereon: Provided that the amount of the debt in respect of which he shall be entitled to the first charge shall be that amount as bears to the total debt the same proportion as the compensation paid in respect of the property bears to the value of the verified claim in respect thereof and to that extent the debt shall be deemed to have been reduced;
(b) where the compensation is by way of exchange of property, to a first charge on the property situate in India so received by way of exchange: Provided that the amount of the debt in respect of which he shall be entitled to the first charge shall be that amount as bears to the total debt the same proportion as the value of the property received by way of exchange bears to the value of the verified claim in respect thereof and to that extent the debt shall be deemed to have been reduce
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, where a debt is secured by a mortgage of agricultural lands belonging to a displaced person in West Pakistan and the mortgage was with possession, the mortgagee shall, if he has been allotted lands in India in lieu of the lands of which he was in possession in West Pakistan, be entitled to continue in possession of the lands so allotted until the debt is satisfied from the usufruct of the lands or is redeemed by the debtor: Provided that in either case the amount of the debt shall be only that amount as bears to the total debt the same proportion as the value of the lands allotted to the creditor in India bears to the value of the lands left behind by him in West Pakistan and to that extent the debts shall be deemed to have been reduced.
(5) Where a creditor elects to be treated as an unsecured creditor, in relation to the debt, the provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly.
SECTION 17: DEBTS SECURED ON MOVABLE PROPERTY
"We have amplified .this clause so as lo cover all cases where pledged property had actually been placed in the possession of the creditor or where the circumstances are such that the creditor should be deemed to be in possession of the pledged property." S.C.0.
SECTION 18: CLAIMS AGAINST INSURANCE COMPANIES
(1) Where any property in West Pakistan belonging to a displaced person was insured with any insurance company before the 15th day of August 1947, against any risk arising out of fire or theft or riot and civil commotion and there has been a loss in respect of such property arising out of any such risk at a time when the contract of insurance was in force, such company shall not be entitled to refuse payment of the sum due under any claim in relation thereto on the ground that -
(a) no report was lodged with the police within the agreed time, or
(b) the claim was not made to the company within the agreed time, or
(c) in the case of a policy covering any risk arising out of riot and civil commotion, the disturbances in West Pakistan were not in the nature of a riot or civil commotion, or
(d) the displaced person has not fulfilled any other condition of the contract which in the opinion of the Central Government is of a technical nature and which the Central Government has, by notification3in the Official Gazette, specified as a condition of the contract for the purposes of this section, and any contract to the contrary, to the extent to which it is in contravention of the provisions of this sub-section, shall be deemed to have had no effect.
(2) Where a loss has been incurred in respect of any property in the circumstances specified in sub-section (1), the Tribunal shall, in every proceeding where it is necessary to do so, determine respectively the amount of the loss, the amount for which the property was insured on the date of such loss, and the amount, if any paid by the insurance company, and shall make a report thereof to such board or other authority as may be prescribed, and the prescribed board or other authority shall, after taking into account such matters as may be prescribed as being relevant thereto, and subject to any rules made in this behalf, in turn propose to the Tribunal the amount for which the claim against the insurance company shall be decreed, and the Tribunal shall pass a decree accordingly.
(3) The amount realised from the insurance company under any decree passed under sub-section (2) shall first be applied towards the satisfaction of the debt due from the displaced person and, the balance, if any, shall be refunded to the displaced person.
(4) An application under this section may be made either by a displaced person having a claim against the insurance company in the circumstances specified in sub-section (1) or by an assignee or any other person having an interest in the claim of any such displaced person, to the Tribunal within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the displaced person actually and voluntarily resides or carries on business or personally works for gain or, in the case of a displaced bank making an application under this section, within whose limits the bank carries on business, for the determination of the amount due in respect of the claim in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (2).
(5) To every proceeding under sub-section (4) the insurance company and all persons interested in the claim shall be made parties: Provided that the Tribunal may at any stage of the proceeding direct that the name of any person whose presence before the Tribunal may be necessary in order to enable the Tribunal effectually and completely to adjudicate upon and settle all the questions involved, be added to the proceeding.
(6) No application under this section shall be entertained in any case where no claim has been made to the insurance company within one year after the date of the loss.
SECTION 19: CALLS ON SHARES IN COMPANIES
"In our opinion, the right of third parties who have acquired any interest in shares forfeited by a company for non-payment of calls should not be disturbed, but at the same time suitable relief should be afforded to the displaced shareholders whose shares have been forfeited. The most equitable course to follow would be to provide for an increase of capital in such cases. We have also provided that any action taken by the company after the forfeiture of shares, should not be affected merely by reason of the fact that the rights of the holders of the forfeited shares have now been restored vis-a-vis the company." S.C.R.
SECTION 20: NO CALLS TO BE MADE ON DISPLACED PERSON OR BANK WHEN COMPANY OR CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY IS IN LIQUIDATION
(1) Where a company or a co-operative society is being wound up, no displaced person or displaced bank shall be called upon, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Companies Act or in the memorandum or articles of association or the Co-operative Societies Act, to make any contribution to the assets of the company or co-operative society, as the case may be, in respect of any share held by him or it in the company or society on the 15th day of August, 1947.
(2) The provisions of this section shall have effect for a period often years from the 15th day of August, 1947, and shall also apply in respect of any calls made and not satisfied before that date, and shall cease to have effect after the expiry of the said period except as respects things done or omitted to be done.
SECTION 21: POWER TO REVISE CERTAIN DECREE AND SETTLEMENT
Sub-section (3).-"In our opinion, settlements arrived at between insurance companies and displaced persons or displaced banks in respect of any claim against the insurance company in any case where payments have been made should not be reopened; and we have provided accordingly." - S.C.R.
SECTION 22: APPORTIONMENT OF JOINT DEBTS
Where a debt is due from a displaced person jointly with another person, the Tribunal shall, for the purposes of this Act, apportion the liability between them according to the following rules, namely:-
(a) if the liability of each debtor is defined, then according to the defined share of each;
(b) if the debt was taken for any trade or business of the joint debtors, then according to the shares held by each of the joint debtors in the trade or business;
(c) if the debt was not taken in any defined shares or for any trade or business in which the partners have any defined share, the debt shall be apportioned into as many parts as there are joint debtors, and each joint debtor shall be liable only for the part apportioned to him;
(d) if one joint debtor is a displaced person and another is not, the sum apportioned to the non displaced person shall not be deemed to be a debt within the meaning of this Act and the creditor may in respect of such debt seek any remedy open to him in a civil Court or otherwise;
(e) if the debt was taken by a joint Hindu family, the members of the joint Hindu family shall be deemed to be joint debtors within the meaning of this section and the debt shall be apportioned amongst the members thereof in the same proportion in which shares would be allotted to them on partition : Provided that the share of any member of such a joint family any of whose male lineal ascendants in the male line of ascent is alive and joint with such member shall be deemed to be included in the share of his oldest surviving ascendant in the male line of ascent, and such member shall not be separately regarded as a joint debtor for the purpose of this clause;
(f) if the liability is secured by a mortgage of movable and immovable properties, the debt shall be apportioned between the two properties in the same proportion as the value of each property bears to the total value of the properties;
(g) where the relationship between the joint debtors is that of principal and surety, nothing contained in this Act shall prevent the institution of a suit for the recovery of. the debt against the surety but no decree shall be passed in such suit for an amount in excess of the amount decreed or which can be decreed against the principal debtor in accordance with the provisions of this Act; Provided that the total amount which may be recovered from the principal debtor and the surety shall not exceed the amount decreed or which can be decreed by the Tribunal against the principal debtor in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
SECTION 23: SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE IN CERTAIN CASES
In the determination of any individual debt which does not exceed five thousand rupees,-
(a) it shall not be necessary for the Tribunal to take down the evidence of the witnesses in writing at length but the Tribunal, as the examination of each witness proceeds, shall make a memorandum of the substance of what he deposes and such memorandum shall be written and signed by the Tribunal and shall form part of the record;
(b) the decision of the Tribunal need not contain more than the points for determination and the decision thereon.
SECTION 24: PRESUMPTION RESPECTING REGISTERED DOCUMENTS
It shall be presumed until the contrary is proved that any document registered under the Indian Registration Act, 1908or any certified copy thereof and produced before the Tribunal has been proved.
SECTION 25: APPLICATION OF ACT 5 OF 1908
-Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act or in any rules made there under, all proceedings under this Act shall be regulated by the provisions contained in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908-
SECTION 26: SIGNING AND VERIFICATION OF APPLICATIONS AND WRITTEN STATEMENTS
Every application and the schedules, if any, attached thereto and every written statement filed before the Tribunal for any relief under this Act shall be signed and verified in the manner prescribed by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908-, for the signing and verification of pleadings.
SECTION 27: CONTENTS OF DECREES
In all cases in which the Tribunal passes a decree on the application of a displaced person, it shall prepare a complete schedule of the creditors and of the assets and liabilities of the displaced person.
SECTION 28: EXECUTION OF DECREES
It shall be competent for the Civil Court which has been specified as the Tribunal for the purposes of this Act to execute any decree or order passed by it as the Tribunal in the same manner as it could have done if it were a decree or order passed by it as a Civil Court.
SECTION 29: CESSER OF ACCRUAL OF INTEREST
"In our opinion it would be equitable to exclude from the operation of this section interest payable during the period from the 15th August, 1947, to the date of commencement of this Act on shares, stocks. Government or other securities pledged with a creditor. We also think that a discretion should be given to the Tribunal to award interest during this period to any creditor, if it thinks it proper to do so, but the interest should not exceed four per cent, per annum simple in any such case. A second category of cases which we have excluded from the operation of this provision relates to revival of insurance policies under automatic non-forfeiture clauses and the like." - S.C.R.
SECTION 30: EXEMPTION FROM ARREST
No displaced person shall be liable to arrest or imprisonment in execution of any decree for the recovery of any debt whether passed before or after the commencement of this Act.
SECTION 31: FURTHER RELIEFS IN THE MATTER OF ATTACHMENT OF PROPERTY
Section 60 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908-shall, in relation to the execution of any decree for a debt against a displaced person (whether passed before or after the commencement of this Act), have effect as if-
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