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INTRODUCTION
The census analysis shows 453.6 million internal migrants in India year 2011, adding about 139 million compared to an estimate of 314.5 million in the year 2001. given government-led urbanization programmers’ like smart cities initiatives, internal migration would have increased in the year 2011-21 period. If were add the same number of migrants as was seen in the 2001-11 period, the migrant population would be almost then 600 million. The 2011 census analysis data shows around one-third of all internal migrants were mostly inter-state and inter-district migrants, which almost around 200 million. Of these 200 million, about two-thirds were estimated to be workers. This gives migrant workers population of about 140 million as of today. Unfortunately the absence of reliable data, we do not have an understanding of migration numbers. We have failed the target policy of migrants at every level of lockdown imposes during COVID-19.
About 10% of the workforce from cities would already leave before lockdown began. Another 10% would leave during the beginning of third and fourth phases, when mobility was little eased we might see a further 10% return during the fifth phase after June 1. We should see a total of around 30% of the total workforce leave cities. We can expect around 30% off will not come back due to having bad experiences with their employers. Most employers have failed to protect their workers and governments failed to hold them accountable. To get migrant workers again back to cities, the centre and states ensure it employers to pay the workers not only their salaries of the previous two months but also give advance of three months salary.
ROLE OF JUDICIARY TOWARDS MIGRANTS
The court observed that “Non-governmental organizations coming forward to help migrant workers and to fight pandemic and extends help towards providing food, water and transportation at their own cost that deserves all the appreciation”.
The Court noted that non-governmental organizations and individuals have played a very significant role in extending helping hand towards migrant. The Bench added “Although it’s the responsibility and duty of states regarding Union Territories to take care of all needs necessity compulsory required by migrant labourers but in this difficult pandemic time the NGOs and individuals have started contributed and played a significant role for extending helping hand towards migrants. The society as a whole was moved by miseries and difficulties and it exhibited passion and devotion towards the way of Individuals.
The SC directed authorities for withdrawing of all cases filed towards migrant workers in alleged violations of lockdown norms against Disaster Management Act. The bench directed authorities to recognize and registered migrants’ workers who want to go their native places and conclude the exercise, including their transportation within 15 days.
The bench directed to the union government for regarding details of all schemes, so that workers who have migrated to their native places could available such benefits scheme.
RESPONSE OF CENTRE AND STATES GOVERNMENT
Delhi government provided free food up to 4 lakh of people every day, as of late March. Over 500 hunger relief centres were set up by the Delhi government. By dated on 5 April approx. 75 lakh people were being provided with food across the country widely in food camps run by the government and various NGOs. As dated 12 April, 37,978 relief camps and 26,225 food camps had been set up. To cater basic necessity needs of migrants and prevented them from departure camps, the government of Kerala has changed with northern Indian dishes included in the menu, providing carom boards and recharged services for phones, as well as provide other medical basics such as masks, sanitizers, and medicines.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS HELP UNDER THIS PANDEMIC
For the success of the job model, the labour department will reach out to more than 13 Lakh such labourers through their mobile numbers in upcoming days. They will need to send a texted message for informing to registered at Raj Kaushal Employment Exchange Portal for jobs and enrolled themselves for short term courses to enhance their employability in desired sectors. The secretary of the labour department said behind the idea is to encourage all migrants for taking advantage of exhaustive measures so able to provide a livelihood to these migrants.
SCHEME MADE SPECIALLY FOR MIGRANTS
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the ‘Graib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan’ to having an outlay of a Rs 50,000 crore, for provide livelihood opportunities to returnee migrant workers who were affected by lockdown, the centre hasn’t promised any additional budget (outside the existing budget for various schemes) with states regarding running of the campaign and that has been ‘conceived as convergence programme’.
According to government reports, there was enough food grain stocked up in FCI godowns for poor so they have at least year-and-a-half. While government schemes ensured that poor would get additional rations during the lockdown, but the distribution system failed to be helpful but ration cards are area-specific and fair price shops were largely inaccessible. Additionally, the 'One Nation, One Ration Card' system has been implemented in very few states, as of mid-April. While scheme allowed migrant workers to retrieve such food grains for free to be anywhere across the country, and very few were aware of the scheme. In addition to this, the scheme required biometric authentication, which was discontinued due to fear of spreading COVID-19 virus by common fingerprint sensor touch.[18] In Telangana, many of could not avail to such ration facilities due to lack of Aadhaar cards. As such, many were left without having food and money due to lockdown imposed nationwide.
CONCLUSION
There is a wide diversity of migrants- related information that state governments submitted it to the SC regarding data that have been shared with Union Labour ministry, nodal ministry on keeping such data of migrant daily wages worker labour. Even though the Solicitor general Tushar Mehta told court closed one that around crore of migrants had returned their homes from trains and by road until June end, the labour ministry in June, released migrant data for about around 26.17 Lakh migrants from widespread across the states.
With 90% of the population working in the informal economy, ILO has predicted that as result of the crisis and subsequent lockdown, about 400 million workers will fall deeper into poverty while forcing many to return their home places located in rural areas.
As India has started lighten up some lockdown restrictions, due to wider spread impact of COVID-19 virus and containment zones in most vulnerable groups of India, and government explores also social policy measures and employment opportunities can protect the informal and migrant workers from hunger starvation and extreme poverty.
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