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  • Reputation Of An Individual Is An Insegregable Facet Of His Right To Life With Dignity: SC In Nambi Narayanan’s Case

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Reputation Of An Individual Is An Insegregable Facet Of His Right To Life With Dignity: SC In Nambi Narayanan’s Case

Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  26 Sep 2018     Views:1947

To begin with, it is most hurting and most shocking to learn that a top eminent former scientist of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was harangued, humiliated and harassed not in Pakistan or China or any other foreign country but in his own motherland that is India where he worked tirelessly by traitors who laughed endlessly as India’s space programme suffered hugely and got behind by decades! Not just this, S Nambi Narayanan along with another former ISRO scientist D Sasikumar was arrested on November 30, 1994 and both spent 50 days in jail and were allegedly tortured in jail not by terrorists or dacoits but by police on charges of espionage. This was done at the behest of the State Intelligence Bureau Team in Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala. Neither the PM of India at that time nor the President of India at that time took any interest in this whole sordid saga which  witnessed the worst torture of our top scientists of ISRO for reasons known best to them! This should never have been allowed to happen but it happened in reality what was thought earlier as unfathomable!

                                             Needless to say, there can be no scintilla of doubt that the appellant who was a national top scientist having international reputation was compelled to undergo worst form of torture and false accusations which is a national shame! The Supreme Court, while ordering Rs 50 lakh compensation to former ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan in this landmark judgment titled S. Nambi Narayanan v Siby Mathews & Others Etc In Civil Appeal Nos. 6637-6638 of 2018 delivered on September 14, 2018 by a  3 Judge Bench of Apex Court comprising of CJI Dipak Misra, Justice AM Khanwilkar and Dr DY Chandrachud minced absolutely no words in observing clearly, categorically and convincingly that, “Reputation of an individual is an insegregable facet of his right to life with dignity, and fundamental right of the scientist under Article 21 has been gravely affected.” The top court also very rightly constituted a committee headed by former Supreme Court Judge Justice DK Jain to inquire into the role of police officers in the diabolical conspiracy against him.  

                                    To be sure, the Bench of Apex Court headed by CJI Dipak Misra who delivered this landmark judgment noted right at the outset in para 1 that, “The appellant, a septuagenarian, a former Scientist of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has assailed the judgment and order passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Kerala whereby it has overturned the decision of the learned single Judge who had lacinated the order of the State Government declining to take appropriate action against the police officers on the grounds of delay and further remitted the matter to the Government. To say the least, the delineation by the Division Bench is too simplistic.” Rightly said! There can be no denying it!

                                          To recapitulate, para 2 goes on to illustrate saying: “The expose of facts very succinctly put is that on 20.1.1994, Crime No. 225/94 was registered at Vanchiyoor Police Station against one Mariam Rasheeda, a Maldivian National, under Section 14 of the Foreigners Act, 1946 and paragraph 7 of the Foreigners Order. The investigation of the case was conducted by one S. Vijayan, the respondent no. 6 herein, who was the then Inspector, Special Branch, Thiruvananthapuram.”

                                         It must be brought out here that para 3 then reveals that, “Mariam Rasheeda was arrested and sent to judicial custody on 21.10.1994. Her custody was obtained by the Police on 03.11.1994 and she was interrogated by Kerala Police and Intelligence Bureau (IB) officials. Allegedly, during interrogation, she, made certain ‘confessions’ which led to the registration of Crime No. 246/1994, Vanchiyoor Police Station on 13.11.1994 under Sections 3 and 4 of the Indian Official Secrets Act, 1923, alleging that certain official secrets and documents of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had been leaked out by scientists of ISRO.”

                                  It must also be brought out here that para 4 further reveals that, “Another Maldivian National Fousiya Hasan along with Mariam Rasheeda was arrested in Crime No. 246/1994. On 15.11.1994, investigation of both the cases was taken over by the Special Investigation Team (SIT) headed by one Mr. Siby Mathews, respondent no. 1 herein, who was the then DIG Crime of Kerala Police. On 21.11.1994, Sri D. Sarikumaran, a scientist at ISRO, was arrested and on 30.11.1994, S. Nambi Narayanan, the appellant herein, was arrested along with two other persons. Later, on 04.12.1994, consequent to the request of the Government of Kerala and the decision of the Government of India, the investigation was transferred to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the respondent no. 4 herein.”

                                      More importantly, para 5 vindicates that the allegations of espionage charges against these two ISRO scientists were false and not proved. It is disclosed in para 5 that, “After the investigation, the CBI submitted a report before the Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM), Ernakulam, under Section 173(2) of Cr.P.C. stating that the evidence collected indicated that the allegations of espionage against the scientists at ISRO, including the appellant herein, were not proved and were found to be false. This report was accepted vide court’s order dated 02.05.1996 and all the accused were discharged.”

                                         To put things in perspective, what the CBI reveals in para 6 is that noner of the information against the ISRO scientists could be substantiated. It says that, “That apart, in the said report, addressed to the Chief Secretary, Government of Kerala, the CBI, the respondent no. 4 herein, had categorically mentioned: -

‘Notwithstanding the denial of the accused persons of their complicity, meticulous, sustain and painstaking investigations were launched by the CBI and every bit of information allegedly given by the accused in their earlier statement to Kerala Police/IB about the places of meetings for purposes of espionage activities, the possibility of passing on the drawing/documents of various technologies, receipt of money as a consideration thereof etc., were gone into, but none of the information could be substantiated’.”

                                   Truth be told, para 7 further throws unflattering light on the unbecoming conduct of SIT headed by Siby Mathew while probing this entire case as revealed by CBI in its report. It specifically points out that, “The CBI in its report, as regards the role of the respondent no. 1 herein, went on to state: -

1.           Sh. Siby Mathew was heading the Special Investigation Team and was, therefore, fully responsible for the conduct of investigation in the aforesaid two cases. Investigation conducted by the CBI has revealed that he did not take adequate steps either in regard to the thorough interrogations of the accused persons by Kerala Police or the verification of the so called disclosure made by the accused persons. In fact, he left the entire investigation to IB surrendering his duties. He ordered indiscriminate arrest of the ISRO scientist and others without adequate evidence being on record. It stressed that neither Sh. Siby Mathew and his team recovered any incriminating ISRO documents from the accused persons nor any monies alleged to have been paid to the accused persons by their foreign masters. It was unprofessional on his part to have ordered indiscriminate arrest to top ISRO scientists who played a key role in successful launching of satellite in the space and thereby caused avoidable mental and physical agony to them. It is surprising that he did not take any steps at his own level to conduct investigation on the points suggested by him. Since Sh. Mathew was based at Trivandrum, there was no justification for not having the searches conducted in the officials’ residential premises of the accused Nambi Narayanan was arrested by the Kerala Police on 30.11.1994.

          Vi Shri Siby Mathew and his team miserably failed even in conducting verification of the records of Hotels viz., Hotel Foret Manor, Hotel Pankaj, Hotel Luciya, etc., which were located at Trivandrum to ascertain the veracity of the statement of accused persons….            

               The above facts are being brought to the notice of the competent authority for their kind consideration and for such action as deemed fit.”

                                            [Emphasis added]      

                                      Moving ahead, para 8 states that, “On 27.06.1996, the State Government of Kerala being dissatisfied with the CBI report, issued a notification withdrawing the earlier notification issued to entrust the matter to CBI and decided to conduct re-investigation of the case by the State Police. This notification for re-investigation was challenged by the appellant herein, before the High Court of Kerala, in O.P. No. 14248/1996-U but the notification was upheld by the High Court of Kerala vide order dated 27.11.1996.”

                                    As things stand, we see how in para 9, it is further stated that, “Aggrieved by the aforesaid order of the Kerala High Court, the appellant herein, moved this Court by filing a special leave petition. This Court in K Chandrasekhar v State of Kerala and others (1998) 5 SCC 223 quashed the notification of the State of Kerala for re-investigation holding that the said notification was against good governance and consequently, all accused were freed of charges. The observations of this Court read thus:-

          ‘Even if we were to hold that State Government had the requisite power and authority to issue the impugned notification, still the same would be liable to be quashed on the ground of malafide exercise of power. Eloquent proof thereof is furnished by the following facts and circumstances as appearing on the record’….”

                  [ Emphasis added]

                                        It cannot be lost on us that in para 31, the Apex Court launched a scathing attack on the manner in which the Kerala State Police maliciously initiated the entire prosecution against the appellant. Para 31 says that, “As stated earlier, the entire prosecution initiated by the State police was malicious and it has caused tremendous harassment and immeasurable anguish to the appellant. It is not a case where the accused is kept under custody and, eventually, after trial, he is found not guilty. The State police was dealing with an extremely sensitive case and after arresting the appellant and some others, the State, on its own, transferred the case to the Central Bureau of Investigation. After comprehensive enquiry, the closure report was filed. An argument has been advanced by the learned counsel for the State of Kerala as well as by the other respondents that the fault should be found with the CBI but not with the State police, for it had transferred the case to the CBI. The said submission is to be noted only to be rejected. The criminal law was set in motion without any basis. It was initiated, if one is allowed to say, on some kind of fancy or notion. The liberty and dignity of the appellant which are basic to his human rights were jeopardized as he was taken into custody and eventually, despite all the glory of the past, he was compelled to face cynical abhorrence. This situation invites the public law remedy for grant of compensation for violation of the fundamental right envisaged under Article 21 of the Constitution. In such a situation, it springs to life with immediacy. It is because life commands self-respect and dignity.”  

                              It would be pertinent to mention here that para 32 then dwells on custodial torture. It stipulates that, “There has been some argument that there has been no complaint with regard to custodial torture. When such an argument is advanced, the concept of torture is viewed from a narrow perspective. What really matters is what has been stated in D.K. Basu v State of W.B. (1997) 1 SCC 416. The Court in the said case, while dealing with the aspect of torture, held: -

         “10. Torture has not been defined in the Constitution or in other penal laws. ‘Torture’ of a human being by another human being is essentially an instrument to impose the will of the ‘strong’ over the ‘weak’ by suffering. The word torture today has become synonymous with the darker side of human civilisation.

      ‘Torture is a wound in the soul so painful that sometimes you can almost touch it, but it is also so intangible that there is no way to heal it. Torture is anguish squeezing in your chest, cold as ice and heavy as a stone, paralysing as sleep and dark as the abyss. Torture is despair and fear and rage and hate. It is a desire to kill and destroy including yourself.’

                  - Adriana P Bartow

                 11. No violation of any one of the human rights has been the subject of so many conventions and declarations as ‘torture’ – all aiming at total banning of it in all forms, but in spite of the commitments made to eliminate torture, the fact remains that torture is more widespread now than ever before. Custodial torture is a naked violation of human dignity and degradation which destroys to a very large extent, the individual personality. It is a calculated assault on human dignity and whenever human dignity is wounded, civilisation takes a step backward-flag of humanity must on each such occasion fly half-mast.

                  12. In all custodial crimes what is of real concern is not only infliction of body pain but the mental agony which a person undergoes within the four walls of police station or lock-up. Whether it is physical assault or rape in police custody, the extent of trauma, a person experiences is beyond the purview of law.”

                                       Not stopping here, para 33 then further goes on to illustrate saying that, “From the aforesaid, it is quite vivid that emphasis has been laid on mental agony when a person is confined within the four walls of a police station or lock up. There may not be infliction of physical pain but definitely there is mental torment. In Joginder Kumar v State of U.P. and others (1994) 4 SCC 260, the Court ruled:-

          “8. The horizon of human rights is expanding. At the same time, the crime rate is also increasing. Of late, this Court has been receiving complaints about violation of human rights because of indiscriminate arrests. How are we to strike a balance between the two?

            9. A realistic approach should be made in this direction. The law of arrest is one of balancing individual rights, liberties and privileges, on the one hand, and individual duties, obligations and responsibilities on the other; of weighing and balancing the rights, liberties and privileges of the single individual and those of individuals collectively; of simply deciding what is wanted and where to put the weight and the emphasis; of deciding which comes first – the criminal or society, the law violator or the law abider….”

           Right of good reputation

                                   Having said this, it is now time to dwell on the right to reputation. In this context, it would be useful to recollect first and foremost what para 34 says. It lays down that, “In Kiran Bedi v Committee of Inquiry and another (1989) 1 SCC 494, this Court reproduced an observation from the decision in D.F. Marion v Davis 217 Ala. 16 (Ala. 1927):-

       “25. …’The right to the enjoyment of a private reputation, unassailed by malicious slander is of ancient origin, and is necessary to human society. A good reputation is an element of personal security, and is protected by the Constitution equally with the right to the enjoyment of life, liberty and property’.”    

                                         Now coming to para 35, it states that, “Reputation of an individual is an insegregable facet of his right to life with dignity. In a different context, a two Judge Bench of this Court in Vishwanath Agrawal v Sarla Vishwanath Agrawal (2012) 7 SCC 288 has observed:-

                 “55.  … reputation which is not only the salt of life, but also the purest treasure and the most precious perfume of life. It is extremely delicate and a cherished value this side of the grave. It is a revenue generator for the present as well as for the posterity.”

                                In essence, para 36 then goes on to put it succinctly saying that, “From the aforesaid analysis, it can be stated with certitude that the fundamental right of the appellant under Article 21 has been gravely affected. In this context, we may refer with profit how this Court had condemned the excessive use of force by the police. In Delhi Judicial Service Association v State of Gujarat and others (1991) 4 SCC 406, it said:-

     “39. The main objective of police is to apprehend offenders, to investigate crimes and to prosecute them before the courts and also to prevent commission of crime and above all to ensure law and order to protect the citizens’ life and property. The law enjoins the police to be scrupulously fair to the offender and the Magistracy is to ensure fair investigation and fair trial to an offender. The purpose and object of Magistracy and police are complementary to each other. It is unfortunate that these objectives have remained unfulfilled even after 40 years of our Constitution. Aberrations of police officers and police excesses in dealing with the law and order situation have been subject of adverse comments from this Court as well as from other courts but it has failed to have any corrective effect on it. The police has power to arrest a person even without obtaining a warrant of arrest from a court. The amplitude of this power casts an obligation on the police … [and it] must bear in mind, as held by this Court that if a person is arrested for a crime, his constitutional and fundamental rights must not be violated.”

                                To top it all, in para 37 of this landmark judgment, the 3 Judge Bench of Apex Court headed by CJI Dipak Misra clearly and convincingly held that, “If the obtaining factual matrix is adjudged on the aforesaid principles and parameters, there can be no scintilla of doubt that the appellant, a successful scientist having national reputation, has been compelled to undergo immense humiliation. The lackadaisical attitude of the State police to arrest anyone and put him in police custody has made the appellant to suffer the ignominy. The dignity of a person gets shocked when psycho-pathological treatment is meted out to him. A human being cries for justice when he feels that the insensible act has crucified his self-respect. That warrants grant of compensation under the public law remedy. We are absolutely conscious that a civil suit has been filed for grant of compensation. That will not debar the constitutional court to grant compensation taking recourse to public law. The Court cannot lose sight of the wrongful imprisonment, malicious prosecution, the humiliation and the defamation faced by the appellant. In Sube Singh v. State of Haryana and others (2006) 3 SCC 178, the three-Judge Bench, after referring to the earlier decisions, has opined:-

      “38. It is thus now well settled that the award of compensation against the State is an appropriate and effective remedy for redress of an established infringement of a fundamental right under Article 21, by a public servant. The quantum of compensation will, however, depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case. Award of such compensation (by way of public law remedy) will not come in the way of the aggrieved person claiming additional compensation in a civil court, in the enforcement of the private law remedy in tort, nor come in the way of the criminal court ordering compensation under Section 357 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.”                 

                            Finally and most importantly, it would be instructive to narrate what the last two important paras 39 and 40 of this landmark judgment have to say. Para 39 says that, “In the instant case, keeping in view the report of the CBI and the judgment rendered by this Court in K. Chandrasekhar (supra), suitable compensation has to be awarded, without any trace of doubt, to compensate the suffering, anxiety and the treatment by which the quintessence of life and liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution withers away. We think it appropriate to direct the State of Kerala to pay a sum of Rs 50 lakhs towards compensation to the appellant and, accordingly, it is so ordered. The said amount shall be paid within eight weeks by the State. We hasten to clarify that the appellant, if so advised, may proceed with the civil suit wherein he has claimed more compensation. We have not expressed any opinion on the merits of the suit.”

                                 No doubt, the last and one of the most important paras 40 too deserves to be mentioned in detail. It says that, “Mr Giri, learned senior counsel for the appellant and the appellant who also appeared in person on certain occasions have submitted that the grant of compensation is not the solution in a case of the present nature. It is urged by them that the authorities who have been responsible to cause such kind of harrowing effect on the mind of the appellant should face the legal consequences. It is suggested that a Committee should be constituted to take appropriate steps against the erring officials. Though the suggestion has been strenuously opposed, yet we really remain unimpressed by the said repugnation. We think that the obtaining factual scenario calls for constitution of a Committee to find out ways and means to take appropriate steps against the erring officials. For the said purpose, we constitute a Committee which shall be headed by Justice D.K. Jain, a former Judge of this Court. The Central Government and the State Government are directed to nominate one officer each so that apposite action can be taken. The Committee shall meet at Delhi and function from Delhi. However, it has option to hold meetings at appropriate place in the State of Kerala. Justice D.K. Jain shall be the Chairman and the Central Government is directed to bear the costs and provide perquisites as provided to a retired Judge when he heads a committee. The Committee shall be provided with all logistical facilities for the conduct of its business including the secretariat staff by the Central Government.”

                           Conclusion

                               On a concluding note, what all has happened with Nambi Narayanan should not happen again with anyone. Those cops and others who are guilty of wrongly framing baseless charges against him must be punished with the most severe punishment. They must be made to pay heavy costs also as compensation to Nambi Narayanan and D Sasikumar who were both eminent ISRO scientists and yet were falsely implicated and faced worst kind of mental torture and social humiliation for no fault of theirs! Not just this, they must be made to cool their heels in prison for the rest of their lives because not just these 2 ISRO scientists suffered after being wrongly framed but India’s national interests too suffered badly. Arun Ram very rightly points out in The Times Of India dated September 2018 in his editorial titled “No Rocket Science, This” that, “The third conspiracy – the one yet to be proved – may be international, and details of this episode could bring out some very dirty liaisons between some IB officers and foreign intelligence agencies. Pertinent to note is the timing of the spy case. India had just launched its first PSLV, for which Nambi was the project director for two of the four stages of the rocket. He was also heading the cryogenic engine which was to fuel India’s future projects including interplanetary and manned missions. It is well known that India can launch satellites at a fraction of the cost of what the US and the European Space Agency charge. India mastering satellite launches, especially with the cryogenic engine that can power bigger rockets, would mean a lot of money flow into the country that would otherwise have gone West. And someone was clearly not happy with that. They partly won, as the spy case slowed down India’s cryogenic project by at least a decade. In his book ‘Russia in Space: The Failed Frontier’, prolific space writer Brian Harvey details how when Russia was about to hand over cryogenic technology to India, the US clamped sanctions on the two countries. It is also little known history that India had, through a smart circumvention of sanctions, flown crucial parts of the cryogenic engine from Russia in the underbelly of three Ural Airways flights less than a year before the spycase broke out. And the man India entrusted with the operation answers to the name Nambi Narayanan.” It is well known that the ISRO spy case was nothing but a figment of imagination by people having vested interests and this stood vindicated when on May 2, 1996, the Chief Judicial Magistrate of Ernakulam accepted a CBI report that found the case to be a fabricated one! Those guilty no matter how powerful must be brought to book and should not be spared under any circumstances! Why the successive Congress and Left Front governments stoutly refused to proceed against the cops since 1996 when the CBI closed the case leading to Nambi’s discharge must also be investigated impartially and they too must be held accountable!


Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  26 Sep 2018     Views:1947

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All About Suo Moto Proceedings...
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Alternate Dispute Resolution...
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Defamation...
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Feminist Jurisprudence...
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Covid-19 fostered Racism ...
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Mercy Petition: The Process ...
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Public Interest Litigation...
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Legalization of Marijuana...
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The History of Magna Carta...
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Introduction to Child Rights in India...
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A DECISION MADE BY SC ON AYODHYA VERDICT...
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RIGHTS OF TRANSGENDER IN INDIA...
29 Jan 2020     Views:1196
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24 Jan 2020     Views:1156
MISCONCEPTION ABOUT CITIZENSHIP AMENDMENT ACT ...
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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE...
21 Jan 2020     Views:1190
Hyderabad Encounter- Human Rights Violation or Jus...
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NOTE ON NIRBHAY CASE CONVICTS...
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NOTE ON ARTICLE 370...
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Rape and Indian laws ...
13 Jan 2020     Views:1591
An overview on Drugs Law...
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Mob Lynching: Role of Politics and approach of Jud...
08 Jan 2020     Views:3703
Trademarks: Spectrum of Distinctiveness and Indian...
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Women Prisoners ...
23 Dec 2019     Views:1250
Child Care Institutions and its Judicial Interpret...
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Smart Contracts and Their Relevance in The Legal P...
19 Dec 2019     Views:1047
Government Vs Opposition on the Citizenship Amendm...
12 Dec 2019     Views:1303
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11 Dec 2019     Views:1765
Montesquieu’s Theory of Separation of Powers: Ho...
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JUDICIAL REVIEW AND JUDICIAL OVER-REACH: TRANSITIO...
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Due Process Of Law For Rapists Must Speed Up Now...
10 Dec 2019     Views:951
Human Rights Of Women Must Also Be Respected...
09 Dec 2019     Views:1017
Speedy Capital Punishment For Rapists Must Be Ensu...
08 Dec 2019     Views:926
Why Only One Dhananjoy Chatterjee Hanged Till Now?...
07 Dec 2019     Views:1251
Why No Death Penalty For Gang Rape In India?...
07 Dec 2019     Views:806
Rape Convicts Must Be Hanged At The Earliest From ...
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No Mercy Petition And No Life Term Ever For Gang R...
02 Dec 2019     Views:980
Section 207 CrPC: Magistrate Cannot Withhold Any D...
02 Dec 2019     Views:1925
UP Bar Council Chairman Harishankar Singh Openly C...
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AN UNDERSTANDING OF PRESIDENT’S RULE UNDER ART 3...
13 Nov 2019     Views:2531
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Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde To Be The New CJI From...
31 Oct 2019     Views:1076
UK Supreme Court Declares Prorogation Of Parliamen...
29 Sep 2019     Views:826
Right To Access Internet Is Part Of Right To Priva...
23 Sep 2019     Views:892
No Attempt Made To Frame Uniform Civil Code Despit...
19 Sep 2019     Views:861
A Legal Giant Named Ram Jethmalani Finally Passes ...
09 Sep 2019     Views:661
Judicial Service – HC Can’t Modify/Relax Instr...
02 Sep 2019     Views:628
Government Notifies Strict Provisions Of Motor Veh...
31 Aug 2019     Views:700
NDPS: Reverse Burden Of Proof Does Not Absolve Pro...
30 Aug 2019     Views:1007
Institutional Independence, Financial Autonomy Int...
28 Aug 2019     Views:663
A Legal Luminary And A Political Stalwart Passes A...
25 Aug 2019     Views:694
Allahabad HC Bans DJs And Passes Directions For Re...
24 Aug 2019     Views:602
Delhi HC Refuses Anticipatory Bail To P Chidambara...
23 Aug 2019     Views:822
Chidambaram Getting No Respite From Courts...
23 Aug 2019     Views:580
Domestic Violence And Dowry Accused Set Free By Th...
22 Aug 2019     Views:3167
Bombsy HC: Treat every citizen with dignity...
20 Aug 2019     Views:3116
Integration Of J&K With India Is Now Full And Fina...
20 Aug 2019     Views:1098
Second Appeal Not To Be Dismissed Merely On The Gr...
18 Aug 2019     Views:786
Judge Can Recuse From A Case At His Own Volition, ...
17 Aug 2019     Views:866
Don't politicize demolition of temples: SC...
16 Aug 2019     Views:3133
Madras Christian College - female students sexuall...
16 Aug 2019     Views:2997
Charged for employing triple talaq...
16 Aug 2019     Views:1313
Earlier Convicted now Acquitted - Lack of Conclusi...
15 Aug 2019     Views:1239
MACAD Scheme to be enforced in Tamil Nadu - 1st Oc...
15 Aug 2019     Views:1223
Filing Of Criminal Complaint For Settling Civil Di...
15 Aug 2019     Views:905
End Discrimination: Equalize legal age of Marriage...
14 Aug 2019     Views:669
Madras HC issues directions upon Officers to check...
14 Aug 2019     Views:711
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14 Aug 2019     Views:693
Infringement of Registered TM "Vistara" - Threat t...
13 Aug 2019     Views:955
US Citizen approaches Bombay High Court After Bein...
13 Aug 2019     Views:843
Normalcy need not be restored in J&K instantly : S...
13 Aug 2019     Views:741
Prohibitory Steps taken against Students for Consu...
13 Aug 2019     Views:778
Basic Amenities to Traffic Personnel ...
12 Aug 2019     Views:617
Madras HC upholds the appointment notification of ...
12 Aug 2019     Views:729
Plea against E-pharmacies struck down by Bombay HC...
12 Aug 2019     Views:704
Parliament Rightly Makes Triple Talaq Criminal But...
12 Aug 2019     Views:648
No Tax Deduction from Motor Accident Compensation ...
11 Aug 2019     Views:678
Delhi HC: Plant 50 Trees, Quash Criminal Proceedin...
11 Aug 2019     Views:656
Iyal Isai Nataka Mandram should abide by the time ...
11 Aug 2019     Views:912
Transitory Committee to be formed for Indian Arche...
11 Aug 2019     Views:671
Outlawing Of Triple Talaq Is Highly Commendable...
11 Aug 2019     Views:671
Daring Resolve Taken By Centre On Jammu And Kashmi...
10 Aug 2019     Views:621
M Kavitha’s suspension to be reviewed...
09 Aug 2019     Views:937
SC: Adverse Possession owing to Title over Propert...
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Regulation of Online streaming contents out of the...
09 Aug 2019     Views:755
Constitution Cannot Be Above Country Come What May...
09 Aug 2019     Views:674
Ocean waves to be our new energy source...
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Delhi HC: Simple language to be incorporated in FI...
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Victim Has A Right To Assist The Court In A Trial ...
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Study of Lakes to be Conducted by NEERI...
07 Aug 2019     Views:808
SC Denies Permission to Conduct DNA Tests...
07 Aug 2019     Views:776
Whatsapp's fight against interference with User-Pr...
07 Aug 2019     Views:672
Evidence Of A Solitary Witness In A Criminal Trial...
07 Aug 2019     Views:716
High Court of Karnataka set aside the retirement o...
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Study of Lakes to be Conducted by NEERI...
06 Aug 2019     Views:772
History-sheeter kidnaps and rapes a College Studen...
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No Room For Sympathy While Sentencing Terror Convi...
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Rejected Plea: Declaration of Vande Mataram as Nat...
05 Aug 2019     Views:945
Madras HC corrects the computation error of Motor ...
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Fundamental Right To Privacy Not Absolute And Must...
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Diocese of Tanjore Society School gets relief from...
04 Aug 2019     Views:753
THE TEMPLES IN KARNATAKA NO MORE BE GOVERNED UNDER...
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Triple Talaq legislation is challenged in the Delh...
03 Aug 2019     Views:686
Special Olympics International Football Championsh...
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Concession to be given to disabled persons appeari...
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Bombay High Court Hears Dowry Case Involving A Civ...
03 Aug 2019     Views:813
Karnataka High Court on the condition of Roads...
02 Aug 2019     Views:1004
SC ORDERS DEATH PENALTY IN COIMBATORE GANG-RAPE CA...
02 Aug 2019     Views:722
RBI Changes Features Of New Currency Notes. Bombay...
02 Aug 2019     Views:695
Interest Of Victim And Society At Large Must Also ...
02 Aug 2019     Views:671
Abolition of Colonial Decorum in Courts...
01 Aug 2019     Views:4776
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31 Jul 2019     Views:1149
ICJ Has Rightly Called Pakistan’s Bluff In Jadha...
26 Jul 2019     Views:658
Review And Reconsider Conviction And Sentencing Of...
22 Jul 2019     Views:654
Plaintiff Cannot Be Forced To Add Parties Against ...
21 Jul 2019     Views:783
Biggest Slap By ICJ Directly Right On The Face Of ...
19 Jul 2019     Views:576
Delhi HC Imposes Rs. 50,000 Cost On Woman For Fals...
17 Jul 2019     Views:563
Non-Appointment Of Judges Affects Speedy Justice: ...
16 Jul 2019     Views:667
Right To Get Anticipatory Bail Is Not Any Fundamen...
14 Jul 2019     Views:1026
Plea For Anticipatory Bail Not Maintainable Before...
13 Jul 2019     Views:1242
Divorce Cannot Be Granted Only On Ground Of Irretr...
11 Jul 2019     Views:659
Right To Shelter A Fundamental Right; State Has Co...
08 Jul 2019     Views:707
HC Cannot Reverse Acquittal Without Affording Oppo...
06 Jul 2019     Views:587
Centre Is Legally Empowered To Create A High Court...
05 Jul 2019     Views:1015
Centre Must Now Immediately Order Creation Of HC B...
03 Jul 2019     Views:572
UAPA: SC Dismisses PFI Leader’s Plea Seeking Dis...
02 Jul 2019     Views:802
How To Record The Evidence Of Deaf And Dumb Rape V...
01 Jul 2019     Views:1240
Ban Advocates From Carrying Weapons Inside Court P...
26 Jun 2019     Views:1465
Enact Strict Law To Ensure Personal Safety Of Doct...
26 Jun 2019     Views:1347
Mere Aggressive Behaviour Of Wife Not A Ground Of ...
26 Jun 2019     Views:1559
Court Cannot Destroy Faith & Beliefs Of People: Ma...
07 Jun 2019     Views:644
Insult Of Soldier In Name Of Law Is Most Disgracef...
07 Jun 2019     Views:680
Courts Cannot Decide Eligibility And Essential Qua...
20 May 2019     Views:1975
SC Upholds Constitutionality Of Section 23 Of PCPN...
20 May 2019     Views:1608
My Unflinching Faith In CJI Stands Fully Vindicate...
20 May 2019     Views:963
Solitary Confinement Of Death Convict Prior To Rej...
20 May 2019     Views:1314
Section 498A & 306 IPC: Incidents Which Happened M...
20 May 2019     Views:4120
Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In Ind...
20 May 2019     Views:707
Successive Bail Applications Should Be Placed Befo...
20 May 2019     Views:6186
“Drop This Episode From Your Minds And Gossips...
20 May 2019     Views:711
Is The Criticism Of In-House Procedure Justified?...
20 May 2019     Views:651
Mere Pendency Of Civil Case Between Complainant An...
20 May 2019     Views:712
Section 482 CrPC: HC Should Assign Reasons As To W...
20 May 2019     Views:1923
Delhi High Court Directs Government To Set Up 18 F...
20 May 2019     Views:692
No New Appointments To Be Made From In-Service Can...
18 May 2019     Views:687
Only Advocates Can Plead And Argue On Behalf Of Li...
09 Apr 2019     Views:2237
Nations Must Make Gun Laws More Stricter...
04 Apr 2019     Views:2746
SC Designates 37 Lawyers As Senior Advocates...
04 Apr 2019     Views:3661
Adding Additional Accused: To Invoke Section 319 C...
04 Apr 2019     Views:4256
SC Sets Aside Life Ban Imposed On Cricketer Sreesa...
04 Apr 2019     Views:904
P&H HC Directs Protection Of Honest Officers While...
04 Apr 2019     Views:772
Death Sentence Can Be Imposed Only When Life Impri...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1353
Islamabad High Court Rejects Plea Against Release ...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1336
Lawyers Resort To Seek Unnecessary Adjournments Am...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1423
Even Poem Can Help Save A Death Convict From Gallo...
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Educated Woman Supposed To Be Fully Aware Of Conse...
19 Mar 2019     Views:754
Jammu and Kashmir HC Upholds PM’s Employment Pac...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1044
Magistrate Shall Specify Whether Sentences Awarded...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1652
Mere Inability To Repay Loan Does Not Constitute C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1933
Inability To Establish Motive In A Case Of Circums...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1758
Punjab & Haryana HC Issues Slew Of Directions To C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2020
Court Has to Confine Itself To The Four Corners Of...
23 Feb 2019     Views:794
Long Pendency Amounts To A Special Reason For Impo...
23 Feb 2019     Views:815
Successive Applications For Recalling Witnesses Sh...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1800
Lieutenant General (Rtd) Cannot Be Tried In A Gene...
06 Feb 2019     Views:1529
Autonomy Of the Bar Cannot Be Taken Over By The Co...
05 Feb 2019     Views:2227
Casual Act Of Possession Over Property Does Not Co...
04 Feb 2019     Views:1425
No Authority Can Claim Privilege Not To Comply Wit...
04 Feb 2019     Views:1596
Death Sentence Only When The Alternative Option Is...
04 Feb 2019     Views:1820
SC Imposes Rs 5 Crore Penalty On A Medical College...
28 Jan 2019     Views:1110
A Judicial Officer Is Not An Ordinary Government S...
25 Jan 2019     Views:1279
Rape And Murder Of 8 Year Old Girl: SC Commutes De...
23 Jan 2019     Views:1381
Mere Allegations Of Harassment Without Proximate P...
23 Jan 2019     Views:1748
Legal Article Why Should They Speak Lies: Decease...
23 Jan 2019     Views:875
Can a Economic offender can escape by surrendering...
22 Jan 2019     Views:750
NCW is a Lame Duck or Legal Guardian for women...
22 Jan 2019     Views:712
Mutual Consent Divorce Procedure in Chennai Family...
21 Jan 2019     Views:3215
Quick Divorce in India...
21 Jan 2019     Views:770
4 Important things to file Divorce in Chennai...
21 Jan 2019     Views:866
How to get Divorce for Muslim Men ...
21 Jan 2019     Views:9377
Offences Under Section 307 IPC Can’t Be Quashed ...
17 Jan 2019     Views:2179
Suspicion, Howsoever Grave, Can’t Substitute Pro...
17 Jan 2019     Views:787
Delhi HC Rejects AJL's Plea Against Centre's Order...
03 Jan 2019     Views:1534
1984 Anti-Sikh Riots: Delhi HC Awards Life Term To...
03 Jan 2019     Views:1396
SC Dismisses Petitions Seeking Probe Into Rafale D...
20 Dec 2018     Views:1651
Executive Magistrate Cannot Direct Police To Regis...
20 Dec 2018     Views:2026
Why Lawyers Of West UP Are Compelled To Strike Fre...
20 Dec 2018     Views:992
recheck...
19 Dec 2018     Views:1049
1984 Anti-Sikh Riots – Delhi HC Upholds Convicti...
12 Dec 2018     Views:1156
Why Lawless West UP Has No High Court Bench?...
11 Dec 2018     Views:1205
Bombay HC Quashes Government Resolution Making It ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1448
SLP Against Death Sentence Shall Not Be Dismissed ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1510
SC Allows Live-Streaming Of Public Proceedings In ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1372
Sexual Offenders Registry For Law Enforcement Agen...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1267
Delhi HC Sentences 16 Policemen To Life Imprisonme...
26 Nov 2018     Views:798
Men Too Have Right Not To Be Defamed And Denounced...
26 Nov 2018     Views:717
Courts Have To Adequately Consider Defence Of The ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:775
CJI Ranjan Gogoi Demonstrates His Firm Resolve And...
26 Nov 2018     Views:717
SC Issues Directions On Examination Of Witnesses I...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1281
Aadhaar Held Mandatory For Government Subsidies An...
26 Nov 2018     Views:993
Legal Article Now Bar Council ID Card Is Valid Id...
01 Nov 2018     Views:1677
SC Sets Deadline On Sale Of BS-IV Vehicles; Says H...
01 Nov 2018     Views:1616
Devotion Cannot Be Subjected To Gender Discriminat...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2779
There Cannot Be Any Mechanical Denial Of Appointme...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1953
Rights Of Accused Far Outweigh That Of Victims, Ne...
23 Oct 2018     Views:948
SC Strikes Down 158 Year Old Adultery Law Under Se...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1577
Extra-Judicial Confession Of Accused Need Not In A...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1132
Leaders Of Outfits Calling For Mob Violence Liable...
23 Oct 2018     Views:745
Section 377 IPC Decriminalised Partially By Supre...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1247
New CJI Ranjan Gogoi Is Determined To Ensure Sweep...
23 Oct 2018     Views:732
Court Must Not Go Deep Into The Matter While Consi...
26 Sep 2018     Views:1523
Reputation Of An Individual Is An Insegregable Fac...
26 Sep 2018     Views:1947
Sec. 498A IPC: Only HC Can Quash Cases On Settleme...
18 Sep 2018     Views:3081
Punjab & Haryana HC Orders Rape Convict, Mother To...
17 Sep 2018     Views:1709
Bombay HC Imposes Cost Of Rs 50K On Petitioner Fir...
17 Sep 2018     Views:995
Uttarakhand HC Dismisses “Contempt Petition” A...
14 Sep 2018     Views:1103
SC Stresses On Need To Develop And Recognize ‘De...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1047
Mirchpur Dalit Killings: “Atrocities Against SCs...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1141
SC Upholds Pan India Reservation Rule in Delhi; Bu...
03 Sep 2018     Views:1300
NDPS Bail Conditions Discriminatory, Irrational An...
31 Aug 2018     Views:1921
People Without A Degree Performing Surgeries: Utta...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1008
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions For Conserving ...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1592
12 Year Old Girl’s Rape And Murder: Constitute P...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1205
MP HC To Debar Members/Office Bearers Of Bar Counc...
22 Aug 2018     Views:960
Special Squad, Police Patrolling Every 24 Hours To...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1027
NRC Being Prepared Under Supreme Court’s Watch I...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1038
Victims Of Crime Can Seek Cancellation Of Bail: MP...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1195
Delhi HC Strikes Down Provisions In Law That Crimi...
13 Aug 2018     Views:1141
Delhi HC Quashes Govt Notification Revising Minimu...
09 Aug 2018     Views:1066
Poorest Of Poor Cannot Go To Private Hospitals: Ut...
07 Aug 2018     Views:1388
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Just Keep Strikin...
04 Aug 2018     Views:1387
Courts Must See That The Public Doesn’t Lose Con...
04 Aug 2018     Views:1102
UK Tier 1 Entrepreneur Visa: Overview from Experts...
31 Jul 2018     Views:971
Enact Law For Safety Of Soldiers Of Jammu And Kash...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1062
SC Advocates Creating A Special Law Against Lynchi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2175
Matrimonial Discord Can’t Be Considered As Reaso...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1969
Uttarakhand HC Recommends Govt To Enact Legislatio...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2156
High Court Priests Cannot Refuse To Perform Religi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1534
Uttarakhand High Court Passes String Of Directions...
23 Jul 2018     Views:896
SC Finally Decides Master Of Roster Case...
23 Jul 2018     Views:841
Stone Pelters And Terrorists Have No Right To Life...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1036
Remove Designations Like Police, HC, Journalist, A...
23 Jul 2018     Views:941
Why Centre is Providing Security For Separatists B...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1064
Farmer Suicide Due To Bankruptcy Or Indebtedness: ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:3092
Every Indian Should Salute Brave Soldier Aurangzeb...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1793
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions To Curb Drug Pedd...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1666
Have A Functional National Law University Within 3...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1373
Establish Regional Bench Of AFT In The State Withi...
05 Jul 2018     Views:805
Cancel Licences of Drivers Using Cell Phones; Helm...
05 Jul 2018     Views:747
Uttarakhand High Court Puts Restrictions On Noise ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:770
Supreme Court To Look Into Validity Of Amended Law...
05 Jul 2018     Views:838
Mysterious Deaths, Rapes, Malnutrition, Unsanitary...
29 Jun 2018     Views:1211
No Politics Please Over Plan To Assassinate PM Mod...
11 Jun 2018     Views:1256
Free Mentally Ill Children And Formulate Policies ...
11 Jun 2018     Views:1463
Landmark Ruling By Uttarakhand HC On Solitary Conf...
07 Jun 2018     Views:1843
Right Of Adult Couple To Live Together Without Mar...
06 Jun 2018     Views:1397
Why BJP Will Be Wiped Out In West UP And UP?...
06 Jun 2018     Views:1516
Why UP Has Just One High Court Bench And West UP N...
05 Jun 2018     Views:991
Women Governed By Muslim Personal Law Can Invoke P...
04 Jun 2018     Views:839
Why Is BJP Not Creating More Benches In UP?...
01 Jun 2018     Views:841
Probation Period To Count For New Civil Servants B...
01 Jun 2018     Views:2238
SC Women Lawyers Association Seeks Chemical Castra...
01 Jun 2018     Views:805
SC Finally Steps In To Expedite POCSO Cases...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1508
UP Former CMs Can’t Stay In Govt Bungalows: SC...
01 Jun 2018     Views:768
Make BCCI A Public Body: Law Panel...
01 Jun 2018     Views:844
Self-Styled Godman Asaram Awarded Life Until Death...
01 Jun 2018     Views:875
Why Cases Withdrawn Against Stone Pelters In Kashm...
01 Jun 2018     Views:958
A High Court Bench For West UP In Meerut Is Impera...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1021
People Of Karnataka Should Worship Congress...
01 Jun 2018     Views:809
Delhi HC Upholds Life Term To Seven Policemen...
19 Mar 2018     Views:843
Finance Act-2018 And Customs Act-1962 (Amendments)...
28 Feb 2018     Views:883
Why No Death Or Life Term For Corruption?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:751
Will Electoral Bonds Usher In Transparency?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:750
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Keep Striking?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:823
Finance Act 2018 and Customs Act 1962...
18 Feb 2018     Views:1052
Why Has Stone Pelting Been Legalised In Kashmir?...
12 Feb 2018     Views:821
Shopian Firing: Major's Dad Moving SC For Quashing...
12 Feb 2018     Views:783
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Kill Stone Pelt...
12 Feb 2018     Views:1748
Attack On Lawyers: Delhi HC Issues Notice To Delhi...
10 Feb 2018     Views:835
Female Foeticide Must Be Punished Most Strictly...
10 Feb 2018     Views:784
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Act In Self Def...
10 Feb 2018     Views:747
New Consumer Protection Bill 2018 Will Entail More...
10 Feb 2018     Views:760
CJI Brings Out A Roster To Allot Cases...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1300
Five Year Jail Term For Lalu In Third Fodder Scam ...
10 Feb 2018     Views:840
SC Quashes All The 88 Mining Leases In Goa...
10 Feb 2018     Views:832
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 (PMLA-20...
07 Feb 2018     Views:737
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 Amended ...
04 Feb 2018     Views:1107
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