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  • Right To Shelter A Fundamental Right; State Has Constitutional Duty To Provide House Sites To Poor: Allahabad High Court

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Right To Shelter A Fundamental Right; State Has Constitutional Duty To Provide House Sites To Poor: Allahabad High Court

Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  08 Jul 2019     Views:767

It has to be remarked with consummate ease that in a latest, landmark and extremely laudable judgment titled Rajesh Yadav Vs State of UP And 9 Others in Public Interest Litigation (PIL) No. – 775 of 2019 delivered on July 1, 2019, the Allahabad High Court has very rightly held that the right to shelter is a fundamental right and the State has a Constitutional duty to provide house sites to the poor. Justice Surya Prakash Kesarwani who authored this path breaking judgment observed so while dismissing a PIL seeking eviction of four individuals who allegedly encroached a public land. Very rightly so!

                                   To start with, the ball is set rolling in para 1 of this noteworthy judgment which first and foremost states that, “The petitioner claiming himself to be a bonafide citizen, has filed the present public interest litigation (for short PIL) for removal of encroachment and illegal possession of respondent Nos. 6 to 10 from khasra plot No. 325/350 area 0.20 decimal, khasra plot No. 325/351 area 0.08 decimal and khasra plot No. 325/348 area 0.10 decimal of village Pakhanpura, Pargana Kopachit, Garvi, Tehsil Rasara, District Ballia, which according to him were recorded in the revenue records as ‘khel ka maidan’, ‘khalihan’ and ‘khad ka gaddha’ respectively.”

                                     To recapitulate, it is then pointed out in para 2 that, “Briefly stated facts of the present case are that by order dated 14.02.1994, the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Rasara exchanged aforesaid khasra plot No. 325/351 area 0.08 decimal, khasra plot No. 325/348 area 0.10 decimal and khasra plot No. 325/350 area 0.20 decimal, total area 0.38 decimal with plot No. 314 area 0.08 decimal, khasra plot No. 324M area 0.10 decimal and 324M area 0.20 decimal. Mutation was accordingly made in the revenue records and accordingly the above noted areas of khasra plot No. 325/348, 325/350 and 325/351, were recorded as banjar and the exchanged khasra plot No. 314 area 0.08 decimal, khasra plot No. 324M area 0.10 and khasra plot No. 324M area 0.20 were recorded in the revenue records as ‘khalihan’,  ‘khad ka gaddha’ and khel ka maidan’ respectively.”

                                     Furthermore, it is then envisaged in para 3 that, “The Land Management Committee, Pakhanpura passed a resolution dated 19.01.1994 and 10.04.1994 for allotment of the aforesaid newly recorded banjar land for residential purposes to 19 persons. The allotments were made by Sub-Divisional Officer by order dated 28.10.1995. After allotment of land for residential purposes, the respondent No. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 constructed their houses (huts and tinshed) and they are still residing. Undisputedly, the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 are landless agricultural labourers and are very poor persons and have no shelter except the aforesaid shelter.”

                      What’s more, it is then disclosed in para 4 that, “As per report of the lekhpal dated 29.01.1994 forwarded and affirmed by Sub-Divisional Officer, Tehsil Rasra, District Ballia, the exchange of land was made on account of the fact that khasra plot No. 325/348 area 0.10 decimal, 325/350 area 0.20 decimal, 325/351 area 0.08 decimal, total area 0.38 decimal had converted in abadi long back and consequently the proposal for exchange was made. After exchange as aforesaid, allotments to poor landless agricultural labourer in possession were made for residential purpose after following due procedure of law. Area of the land allotted to the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 is as under:

Sl.     Name of the               Khasra plot No.   Area in                                                                                    

No.   allottee                                                           Decimal   

  1. RespondentNo.6-Indradev    325/350M    0.02
  2. Respondent No.7-Abhay        325/348M    0.03
  3. Respondent No. 8-Durgawati 325/348M    0.03
  4. Respondent No. 9-Teswari      325/350M    0.03
  5. Respondent No. 10-Budhan     325/350M    0.02 ½”

                                      To be sure, para 5 then reveals that, “As per conversion table, 1 decimal area is equivalent to 48 square yard. Thus, the allotments of very small pieces of land for residential purposes to poor labourers being respondent Nos. 6 to 10 were made over which they had constructed long ago their huts by brick-walls and tin-shed and still they are residing therein.”

                                       Be it noted, para 6 then discloses that, “It appears that at the instance of the petitioner, a Case No. 59/2007 under Section 115P of the U.P. Z.A. and L.R. Act was registered by the Additional District Judge (F/R), Ballia and by ex parte order dated 07.09.2007, aforesaid residential leases granted to 19 persons including the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 were cancelled. Thereafter, the petitioner moved an application dated 13.01.2015 before the District Magistrate followed by application dated 24.05.2016 by his son Pankaj Yadav for removal of shelters of the respondent Nos. 6 to 10. According to the petitioner, since no action was taken, therefore, he has filed the present petition as PIL.” 

                            More significantly, it is then emphatically held in para 23 that, “Thus, shelter for a human being, is not a mere protection of his life and limb. It is home where he has opportunities to grow physically, mentally, intellectually and spiritually. Right to shelter includes adequate living space, safe and decent structure, clean and decent surroundings, sufficient light, pure air and water, electricity, sanitation and other civic amenities. Right to life guaranteed in any civilized society implies the right to food, water, decent environment, education, medical care and shelter. Right to shelter is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 19(1)(e) read with Article 21 of the Constitution of India. To make the right meaningful to the poor and landless agricultural labourers, particularly of the weaker section of the society, the State has to provide the facilities to build houses. It is the duty of the State to fulfill the basic human and constitutional rights to residence so as to make the right meaningful. Basic needs of man have traditionally been accepted to be three – namely food, clothing and shelter. That would take within its sweep the right to food, the right to clothing, the right to decent environment  and a reasonable accommodation to live in. But no person has a right to encroach and erect structures or otherwise on footpaths, pavement or public space or at any place reserved or earmarked for a public utility. The State has the Constitutional duty to provide adequate facilities and opportunities by distributing its wealth and resources for settlement of life and erection of shelter over their land to make the right to life meaningful, effective and fruitful.”  

                                      As things stand, it is then illustrated in para 24 that, “In the present set of facts, the relief sought by the petitioner in this PIL is an attempt to infringe fundamental rights of the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 guaranteed under Article 19(1)(e) read with Article 21 of the Constitution of India inasmuch as the residential lease of very small plots were granted to the respondents No. 6 to 10 (poor and landless agricultural labourers of backward classes) by the competent authority in the year 1995 and they raised their houses over it and are still residing therein since the year 1995 and thus, they have the protection of Section 67A of the Code, 2006. Therefore, no direction can be issued to the respondent authorities to remove the shelter (houses) of the respondent Nos. 6 to 10. In any case, if the State authorities still want to remove the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 from their residential houses over the plot in question, on the ground of abadi being earlier a public utility land before exchange, then the State authorities shall first provide suitable accommodation to the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 before removal of their houses in question.” 

                             To put things in perspective, it is then pointed out in para 25 that, “From the pleadings in this PIL as briefly noted above, it is evident that the petitioner has not denied the facts stated in paragraph-10 of the counter affidavit that the representation has been moved by the petitioner’s son namely Pankaj Yadav in his personal interest and not by the villagers. It has also not been denied by the petitioner that the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 leaseholders are very poor and needy labourers and they are residing in the houses over the land in question, which were constructed about 24 years ago on the leased land granted by the competent authority. The order of cancellation of lease was passed ex parte by ADM (F/R) after more than 12 years of the grant of lease. Even in the ex parte order of cancellation, there is no allegation of any fraud or manipulation against the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 in grant of lease to them. The petitioner has merely stated that he is bona fide citizen. He has not disclosed his credential. Thus, non-denial by the petitioner the averments of paragraph-10 of the counter affidavit to the effect of personal interest of the petitioner’s son, clearly indicates abuse of process of court by the petitioner in filing the present PIL and suppression of material facts particularly those mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5  of the counter affidavit of the State respondents. Therefore, exemplary cost is necessary to be imposed upon the petitioner for filing this frivolous petition as PIL and abusing the process of court, in view of the law laid down by Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd. Vs. Atma Singh Grewal (2014) 13 SCC 666 (para 14) and Dnyandeo Sabaji Naik Vs. Pradnya Prakash Khadekar (2017) 5 SCC 496 (paras 9 to 14).”

                                       It cannot be lost on us that it is then pointed out in para 26 that, “In Dnyandeo Sabaji Naik (supra), Hon’ble Supreme Court has observed that it is not merely a matter of discretion but a duty and obligation cast upon all courts to ensure that the legal system is not exploited by those who use the forum of the law to defeat or delay justice. Hon’ble Supreme Court commended all courts to deal with frivolous filings, firmly and impose exemplary costs.”

                                         As a corollary, it is then laid down in para 27 that, “The principles laid down in the case of Dnyandeo Sabaji Naik (supra), have been reiterated by Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Haryana State Co-op. L&C Co-op. Society Ltd., (2018) 14 SCC 248 (Paras 16 and 17) while dismissing the appeal of the Haryana State Coop. L&C Federation Ltd. (supra) with exemplary cost of Rs. 5 lacs.” Also, it is then observed in para 28 that, “In the case of Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd. (supra), Hon’ble Supreme Court emphasised that imposition of exemplary costs should be in real terms and not merely symbolic.”

                        Conclusions

                                 Most importantly, it is now time to dwell upon the conclusions drawn by the Allahabad High Court in this noteworthy and commendable judgment. Para 29 sets the pitch by first and foremost pointing out that, “The conclusions reached by me and the principles of law laid down by Hon’ble Supreme Court discussed above are briefly summarised as under:   

(i)                         Right to shelter is a fundamental right, which springs from the right to residence assured in Art. 19(1)(e) and right to life under Art. 21 of the Constitution. It is a constitutional duty of the State to provide house sites to the poor.

(ii)                      Shelter for a human being, therefore, is not a mere protection of his life and limb. It is home where he has opportunities to grow physically, mentally, intellectually and spiritually. Right to shelter, therefore, includes adequate living space, safe and decent surroundings, sufficient light, pure air and water, electricity, sanitation and other civic amenities like roads etc. so as to have easy access to his daily avocation. The right to shelter, therefore, does not mean a mere right to a roof over one’s head but right to all the infrastructure necessary to enable them to live and develop as a human being. Right to shelter when used as an essential requisite to the right to live should be deemed to have been guaranteed as a fundamental right. To bring the Dalits and Tribes into the mainstream of national life, providing these facilities and opportunities to them is the duty of the State as fundamental to their basic human and constitutional rights. There could be not individual liberty without a minimum of property. The objective of ‘facilitating adequate shelter of all’ also implies that direct Government support should mainly be allocated to the most needy population groups.

(iii)                   Socio-economic justice, equality of status and of opportunity and dignity of person to foster the fraternity among all the sections of the society in an integrated Bharat is the arch of the Constitution set down in its Preamble. Articles 39 and 38 enjoins the State to provide facilities and opportunities. Article 38 and 46 of the Constitution enjoin the State to promote welfare of the people by securing social and economic justice to the weaker sections of the society to minimise inequalities in income and endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status. Basic needs of man have traditionally been accepted to be three namely- food, clothing and shelter. The right to life is guaranteed in any civilised society. It is the duty of the State to construct houses at reasonable cost and make them easily accessible to the poor.

(iv)                   No person has a right to encroach and erect structures or otherwise on footpath, pavement or public streets or any other place reserved or earmarked for a public purpose. The State has the Constitutional duty to provide adequate facilities and opportunities by distributing its wealth and resources for settlement of life and erection of shelter to make the right to life meaningful, effective and fruitful.

(v)                      In the present set of facts, the relief sought by the petitioner in this PIL is an attempt to infringe fundamental rights of the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 guaranteed under Article 19(1)(e) read with Article 21 of the Constitution of India inasmuch as the residential lease of very small plots were granted to the respondents No. 6 to 10 (poor and landless agricultural labourers of backward classes) by the competent authority in the year 1995 and they raised their houses over it and are still residing therein since the year 1995 and thus, they have the protection of Section 67A of the Code, 2006. Therefore, no direction can be issued to the respondent authorities to remove the shelter (houses) of the respondent Nos. 6 to 10.

(vi)                   In any case, if the State authorities still want to remove the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 from their residential houses over the plot in question, on the ground of abadi being earlier a public utility land before exchange, then the State-authorities shall first provide suitable accommodation to the respondent Nos. 6 to 10 before removal of their house in question.

(vii)                Exemplary cost is necessary to be imposed upon the petitioner for filing this frivolous petition as PIL and abusing the process of court.”

                                              Going forward, it is then held in para 30 that, “For all the reasons afore-stated, this petition is dismissed with cost of Rs. 10,000/- which the petitioner shall deposit with the High Court Legal Services Committee within six weeks from today.” Finally, it is then held in the last para 31 that, “It is expected that the Government shall take appropriate steps in the light of the observations made in para-29 {(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)} above.”    

                            All said and done, it is a very progressive and extremely laudable judgment which bats openly in favour of the fundamental right of poor to have a shelter of his own! Not stopping here, the Allahabad High Court has also held the petitioner guilty for attempting to infringe the fundamental right of the individual and therefore dismissed the petition by imposing costs of Rs. 10,000/-. It has also very rightly and eloquently quoted several landmark judgments of the Supreme Court to substantiate its valid stand that the right to shelter is a fundamental right and the State has a Constitutional duty to provide house sites to the poor! Very rightly so! There can be no denying it


Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  08 Jul 2019     Views:767

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31 Aug 2019     Views:768
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30 Aug 2019     Views:1501
Institutional Independence, Financial Autonomy Int...
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Chidambaram Getting No Respite From Courts...
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Domestic Violence And Dowry Accused Set Free By Th...
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20 Aug 2019     Views:3394
Integration Of J&K With India Is Now Full And Fina...
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Second Appeal Not To Be Dismissed Merely On The Gr...
18 Aug 2019     Views:854
Judge Can Recuse From A Case At His Own Volition, ...
17 Aug 2019     Views:946
Don't politicize demolition of temples: SC...
16 Aug 2019     Views:3389
Madras Christian College - female students sexuall...
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Charged for employing triple talaq...
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Earlier Convicted now Acquitted - Lack of Conclusi...
15 Aug 2019     Views:1330
MACAD Scheme to be enforced in Tamil Nadu - 1st Oc...
15 Aug 2019     Views:1311
Filing Of Criminal Complaint For Settling Civil Di...
15 Aug 2019     Views:980
End Discrimination: Equalize legal age of Marriage...
14 Aug 2019     Views:800
Madras HC issues directions upon Officers to check...
14 Aug 2019     Views:782
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Infringement of Registered TM "Vistara" - Threat t...
13 Aug 2019     Views:1021
US Citizen approaches Bombay High Court After Bein...
13 Aug 2019     Views:934
Normalcy need not be restored in J&K instantly : S...
13 Aug 2019     Views:808
Prohibitory Steps taken against Students for Consu...
13 Aug 2019     Views:852
Basic Amenities to Traffic Personnel ...
12 Aug 2019     Views:693
Madras HC upholds the appointment notification of ...
12 Aug 2019     Views:839
Plea against E-pharmacies struck down by Bombay HC...
12 Aug 2019     Views:780
Parliament Rightly Makes Triple Talaq Criminal But...
12 Aug 2019     Views:717
No Tax Deduction from Motor Accident Compensation ...
11 Aug 2019     Views:781
Delhi HC: Plant 50 Trees, Quash Criminal Proceedin...
11 Aug 2019     Views:711
Iyal Isai Nataka Mandram should abide by the time ...
11 Aug 2019     Views:987
Transitory Committee to be formed for Indian Arche...
11 Aug 2019     Views:737
Outlawing Of Triple Talaq Is Highly Commendable...
11 Aug 2019     Views:766
Daring Resolve Taken By Centre On Jammu And Kashmi...
10 Aug 2019     Views:682
M Kavitha’s suspension to be reviewed...
09 Aug 2019     Views:992
SC: Adverse Possession owing to Title over Propert...
09 Aug 2019     Views:791
Regulation of Online streaming contents out of the...
09 Aug 2019     Views:813
Constitution Cannot Be Above Country Come What May...
09 Aug 2019     Views:738
Ocean waves to be our new energy source...
08 Aug 2019     Views:808
Delhi HC: Simple language to be incorporated in FI...
08 Aug 2019     Views:1019
THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA ASKED THE GOVERNMENT T...
08 Aug 2019     Views:773
Victim Has A Right To Assist The Court In A Trial ...
08 Aug 2019     Views:2152
Study of Lakes to be Conducted by NEERI...
07 Aug 2019     Views:922
SC Denies Permission to Conduct DNA Tests...
07 Aug 2019     Views:847
Whatsapp's fight against interference with User-Pr...
07 Aug 2019     Views:749
Evidence Of A Solitary Witness In A Criminal Trial...
07 Aug 2019     Views:798
High Court of Karnataka set aside the retirement o...
07 Aug 2019     Views:928
Study of Lakes to be Conducted by NEERI...
06 Aug 2019     Views:858
History-sheeter kidnaps and rapes a College Studen...
06 Aug 2019     Views:854
No Room For Sympathy While Sentencing Terror Convi...
06 Aug 2019     Views:644
Rejected Plea: Declaration of Vande Mataram as Nat...
05 Aug 2019     Views:1030
Madras HC corrects the computation error of Motor ...
05 Aug 2019     Views:751
Fundamental Right To Privacy Not Absolute And Must...
05 Aug 2019     Views:977
Diocese of Tanjore Society School gets relief from...
04 Aug 2019     Views:828
THE TEMPLES IN KARNATAKA NO MORE BE GOVERNED UNDER...
03 Aug 2019     Views:1030
Triple Talaq legislation is challenged in the Delh...
03 Aug 2019     Views:754
Special Olympics International Football Championsh...
03 Aug 2019     Views:751
Concession to be given to disabled persons appeari...
03 Aug 2019     Views:1247
Bombay High Court Hears Dowry Case Involving A Civ...
03 Aug 2019     Views:888
Karnataka High Court on the condition of Roads...
02 Aug 2019     Views:1088
SC ORDERS DEATH PENALTY IN COIMBATORE GANG-RAPE CA...
02 Aug 2019     Views:797
RBI Changes Features Of New Currency Notes. Bombay...
02 Aug 2019     Views:759
Interest Of Victim And Society At Large Must Also ...
02 Aug 2019     Views:738
Abolition of Colonial Decorum in Courts...
01 Aug 2019     Views:4876
Punjab & Haryana HC Bans Use Of Loudspeakers Witho...
31 Jul 2019     Views:1237
ICJ Has Rightly Called Pakistan’s Bluff In Jadha...
26 Jul 2019     Views:718
Review And Reconsider Conviction And Sentencing Of...
22 Jul 2019     Views:733
Plaintiff Cannot Be Forced To Add Parties Against ...
21 Jul 2019     Views:849
Biggest Slap By ICJ Directly Right On The Face Of ...
19 Jul 2019     Views:639
Delhi HC Imposes Rs. 50,000 Cost On Woman For Fals...
17 Jul 2019     Views:779
Non-Appointment Of Judges Affects Speedy Justice: ...
16 Jul 2019     Views:734
Right To Get Anticipatory Bail Is Not Any Fundamen...
14 Jul 2019     Views:1093
Plea For Anticipatory Bail Not Maintainable Before...
13 Jul 2019     Views:1311
Divorce Cannot Be Granted Only On Ground Of Irretr...
11 Jul 2019     Views:717
Right To Shelter A Fundamental Right; State Has Co...
08 Jul 2019     Views:767
HC Cannot Reverse Acquittal Without Affording Oppo...
06 Jul 2019     Views:646
Centre Is Legally Empowered To Create A High Court...
05 Jul 2019     Views:1115
Centre Must Now Immediately Order Creation Of HC B...
03 Jul 2019     Views:642
UAPA: SC Dismisses PFI Leader’s Plea Seeking Dis...
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How To Record The Evidence Of Deaf And Dumb Rape V...
01 Jul 2019     Views:1381
Ban Advocates From Carrying Weapons Inside Court P...
26 Jun 2019     Views:1635
Enact Strict Law To Ensure Personal Safety Of Doct...
26 Jun 2019     Views:1507
Mere Aggressive Behaviour Of Wife Not A Ground Of ...
26 Jun 2019     Views:1739
Court Cannot Destroy Faith & Beliefs Of People: Ma...
07 Jun 2019     Views:698
Insult Of Soldier In Name Of Law Is Most Disgracef...
07 Jun 2019     Views:785
Courts Cannot Decide Eligibility And Essential Qua...
20 May 2019     Views:2359
SC Upholds Constitutionality Of Section 23 Of PCPN...
20 May 2019     Views:1746
My Unflinching Faith In CJI Stands Fully Vindicate...
20 May 2019     Views:1043
Solitary Confinement Of Death Convict Prior To Rej...
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Section 498A & 306 IPC: Incidents Which Happened M...
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Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In Ind...
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Successive Bail Applications Should Be Placed Befo...
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“Drop This Episode From Your Minds And Gossips...
20 May 2019     Views:781
Is The Criticism Of In-House Procedure Justified?...
20 May 2019     Views:928
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20 May 2019     Views:787
Section 482 CrPC: HC Should Assign Reasons As To W...
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Delhi High Court Directs Government To Set Up 18 F...
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18 May 2019     Views:762
Only Advocates Can Plead And Argue On Behalf Of Li...
09 Apr 2019     Views:2356
Nations Must Make Gun Laws More Stricter...
04 Apr 2019     Views:2936
SC Designates 37 Lawyers As Senior Advocates...
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SC Sets Aside Life Ban Imposed On Cricketer Sreesa...
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Islamabad High Court Rejects Plea Against Release ...
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Lawyers Resort To Seek Unnecessary Adjournments Am...
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Magistrate Shall Specify Whether Sentences Awarded...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1755
Mere Inability To Repay Loan Does Not Constitute C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2055
Inability To Establish Motive In A Case Of Circums...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1863
Punjab & Haryana HC Issues Slew Of Directions To C...
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Court Has to Confine Itself To The Four Corners Of...
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Long Pendency Amounts To A Special Reason For Impo...
23 Feb 2019     Views:883
Successive Applications For Recalling Witnesses Sh...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1995
Lieutenant General (Rtd) Cannot Be Tried In A Gene...
06 Feb 2019     Views:1634
Autonomy Of the Bar Cannot Be Taken Over By The Co...
05 Feb 2019     Views:2332
Casual Act Of Possession Over Property Does Not Co...
04 Feb 2019     Views:1537
No Authority Can Claim Privilege Not To Comply Wit...
04 Feb 2019     Views:1707
Death Sentence Only When The Alternative Option Is...
04 Feb 2019     Views:1926
SC Imposes Rs 5 Crore Penalty On A Medical College...
28 Jan 2019     Views:1212
A Judicial Officer Is Not An Ordinary Government S...
25 Jan 2019     Views:1384
Rape And Murder Of 8 Year Old Girl: SC Commutes De...
23 Jan 2019     Views:1464
Mere Allegations Of Harassment Without Proximate P...
23 Jan 2019     Views:1945
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NCW is a Lame Duck or Legal Guardian for women...
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Mutual Consent Divorce Procedure in Chennai Family...
21 Jan 2019     Views:4184
Quick Divorce in India...
21 Jan 2019     Views:830
4 Important things to file Divorce in Chennai...
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How to get Divorce for Muslim Men ...
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Offences Under Section 307 IPC Can’t Be Quashed ...
17 Jan 2019     Views:2439
Suspicion, Howsoever Grave, Can’t Substitute Pro...
17 Jan 2019     Views:848
Delhi HC Rejects AJL's Plea Against Centre's Order...
03 Jan 2019     Views:1666
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03 Jan 2019     Views:1473
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20 Dec 2018     Views:1735
Executive Magistrate Cannot Direct Police To Regis...
20 Dec 2018     Views:2221
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20 Dec 2018     Views:1052
recheck...
19 Dec 2018     Views:1285
1984 Anti-Sikh Riots – Delhi HC Upholds Convicti...
12 Dec 2018     Views:1261
Why Lawless West UP Has No High Court Bench?...
11 Dec 2018     Views:1288
Bombay HC Quashes Government Resolution Making It ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1602
SLP Against Death Sentence Shall Not Be Dismissed ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1606
SC Allows Live-Streaming Of Public Proceedings In ...
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Sexual Offenders Registry For Law Enforcement Agen...
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Men Too Have Right Not To Be Defamed And Denounced...
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Courts Have To Adequately Consider Defence Of The ...
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Aadhaar Held Mandatory For Government Subsidies An...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1074
Legal Article Now Bar Council ID Card Is Valid Id...
01 Nov 2018     Views:1792
SC Sets Deadline On Sale Of BS-IV Vehicles; Says H...
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Devotion Cannot Be Subjected To Gender Discriminat...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2921
There Cannot Be Any Mechanical Denial Of Appointme...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2048
Rights Of Accused Far Outweigh That Of Victims, Ne...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1026
SC Strikes Down 158 Year Old Adultery Law Under Se...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1675
Extra-Judicial Confession Of Accused Need Not In A...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1228
Leaders Of Outfits Calling For Mob Violence Liable...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1020
Section 377 IPC Decriminalised Partially By Supre...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1330
New CJI Ranjan Gogoi Is Determined To Ensure Sweep...
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Court Must Not Go Deep Into The Matter While Consi...
26 Sep 2018     Views:1616
Reputation Of An Individual Is An Insegregable Fac...
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17 Sep 2018     Views:1790
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17 Sep 2018     Views:1059
Uttarakhand HC Dismisses “Contempt Petition” A...
14 Sep 2018     Views:1168
SC Stresses On Need To Develop And Recognize ‘De...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1109
Mirchpur Dalit Killings: “Atrocities Against SCs...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1224
SC Upholds Pan India Reservation Rule in Delhi; Bu...
03 Sep 2018     Views:1491
NDPS Bail Conditions Discriminatory, Irrational An...
31 Aug 2018     Views:2275
People Without A Degree Performing Surgeries: Utta...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1081
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions For Conserving ...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1670
12 Year Old Girl’s Rape And Murder: Constitute P...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1286
MP HC To Debar Members/Office Bearers Of Bar Counc...
22 Aug 2018     Views:1029
Special Squad, Police Patrolling Every 24 Hours To...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1130
NRC Being Prepared Under Supreme Court’s Watch I...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1122
Victims Of Crime Can Seek Cancellation Of Bail: MP...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1269
Delhi HC Strikes Down Provisions In Law That Crimi...
13 Aug 2018     Views:1312
Delhi HC Quashes Govt Notification Revising Minimu...
09 Aug 2018     Views:1166
Poorest Of Poor Cannot Go To Private Hospitals: Ut...
07 Aug 2018     Views:1596
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Just Keep Strikin...
04 Aug 2018     Views:1503
Courts Must See That The Public Doesn’t Lose Con...
04 Aug 2018     Views:1170
UK Tier 1 Entrepreneur Visa: Overview from Experts...
31 Jul 2018     Views:1065
Enact Law For Safety Of Soldiers Of Jammu And Kash...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1134
SC Advocates Creating A Special Law Against Lynchi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2300
Matrimonial Discord Can’t Be Considered As Reaso...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2033
Uttarakhand HC Recommends Govt To Enact Legislatio...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2387
High Court Priests Cannot Refuse To Perform Religi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1597
Uttarakhand High Court Passes String Of Directions...
23 Jul 2018     Views:966
SC Finally Decides Master Of Roster Case...
23 Jul 2018     Views:903
Stone Pelters And Terrorists Have No Right To Life...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1125
Remove Designations Like Police, HC, Journalist, A...
23 Jul 2018     Views:999
Why Centre is Providing Security For Separatists B...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1143
Farmer Suicide Due To Bankruptcy Or Indebtedness: ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:3440
Every Indian Should Salute Brave Soldier Aurangzeb...
05 Jul 2018     Views:2205
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions To Curb Drug Pedd...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1781
Have A Functional National Law University Within 3...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1469
Establish Regional Bench Of AFT In The State Withi...
05 Jul 2018     Views:889
Cancel Licences of Drivers Using Cell Phones; Helm...
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Uttarakhand High Court Puts Restrictions On Noise ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:880
Supreme Court To Look Into Validity Of Amended Law...
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Mysterious Deaths, Rapes, Malnutrition, Unsanitary...
29 Jun 2018     Views:1891
No Politics Please Over Plan To Assassinate PM Mod...
11 Jun 2018     Views:1334
Free Mentally Ill Children And Formulate Policies ...
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Landmark Ruling By Uttarakhand HC On Solitary Conf...
07 Jun 2018     Views:2103
Right Of Adult Couple To Live Together Without Mar...
06 Jun 2018     Views:1468
Why BJP Will Be Wiped Out In West UP And UP?...
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Why UP Has Just One High Court Bench And West UP N...
05 Jun 2018     Views:1067
Women Governed By Muslim Personal Law Can Invoke P...
04 Jun 2018     Views:906
Why Is BJP Not Creating More Benches In UP?...
01 Jun 2018     Views:903
Probation Period To Count For New Civil Servants B...
01 Jun 2018     Views:2427
SC Women Lawyers Association Seeks Chemical Castra...
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SC Finally Steps In To Expedite POCSO Cases...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1811
UP Former CMs Can’t Stay In Govt Bungalows: SC...
01 Jun 2018     Views:831
Make BCCI A Public Body: Law Panel...
01 Jun 2018     Views:921
Self-Styled Godman Asaram Awarded Life Until Death...
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Why Cases Withdrawn Against Stone Pelters In Kashm...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1024
A High Court Bench For West UP In Meerut Is Impera...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1128
People Of Karnataka Should Worship Congress...
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Delhi HC Upholds Life Term To Seven Policemen...
19 Mar 2018     Views:903
Finance Act-2018 And Customs Act-1962 (Amendments)...
28 Feb 2018     Views:946
Why No Death Or Life Term For Corruption?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:816
Will Electoral Bonds Usher In Transparency?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:805
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Keep Striking?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:878
Finance Act 2018 and Customs Act 1962...
18 Feb 2018     Views:1143
Why Has Stone Pelting Been Legalised In Kashmir?...
12 Feb 2018     Views:882
Shopian Firing: Major's Dad Moving SC For Quashing...
12 Feb 2018     Views:849
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Kill Stone Pelt...
12 Feb 2018     Views:1991
Attack On Lawyers: Delhi HC Issues Notice To Delhi...
10 Feb 2018     Views:888
Female Foeticide Must Be Punished Most Strictly...
10 Feb 2018     Views:861
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Act In Self Def...
10 Feb 2018     Views:812
New Consumer Protection Bill 2018 Will Entail More...
10 Feb 2018     Views:816
CJI Brings Out A Roster To Allot Cases...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1365
Five Year Jail Term For Lalu In Third Fodder Scam ...
10 Feb 2018     Views:900
SC Quashes All The 88 Mining Leases In Goa...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 (PMLA-20...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 Amended ...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 --U/S 45(...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 (P...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 PMLA...
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Right to Know...
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A STUDY OF CERTAIN DEDUCTIONS ON INCOME TAX RELATI...
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Enviornment protection is for saving universe...
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RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND STATUS OF SECTION 377, IPC, 1...
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PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EXISTING POLICE SYSTEM...
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RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND DIRECTION FOR MANDATORY AADHA...
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THE PARADOX OF PLEA BARGAINING...
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JOURNEY OF EVMs AMIDST CONTROVERSIES ...
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2G Scam : The 2G Scam and much more...
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