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  • Review And Reconsider Conviction And Sentencing Of Jadhav: ICJ To Pakistan

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Review And Reconsider Conviction And Sentencing Of Jadhav: ICJ To Pakistan

Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  22 Jul 2019     Views:1576

“Truth and justice have prevailed. Congratulations to ICJ for a verdict based on extensive study of facts. I am sure Kulbhushan Jadhav will get justice.”

-       PM Narendra Modi

                                                   It goes without saying that in a major legal and diplomatic victory for India and also simultaneously in a major legal and diplomatic setback along with global embarrassment for Pakistan, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has held upfront that Pakistan violated the Vienna Convention in the Kulbhushan Jadhav case and it should review and reconsider his conviction and sentencing while allowing India consular access to the Indian national. Importantly, the ICJ ruling said unequivocally that the stay on the death sentence pronounced on Jadhav must remain. It minced no words in saying clearly, categorically and convincingly that, “The court considers that a continued stay of execution constitutes an indispensable condition for the effective review and consideration of the conviction and sentence of Jadhav”.  

                                   To be sure, while indicating its unhappiness with the judicial process regarding Kulbhushan Jadhav, the ICJ said that, “Court considers it imperative to re-emphasise that the review and reconsideration of the conviction and sentence of Jadhav must be effective.” This clearly comes as a rap on the knuckles of Pakistan’s opaque way of trial of Jadhav by military courts which is the biggest proof that it was just a sham trial and everything was pre-decided! It is a no-brainer that this sharp observation of ICJ clearly tantamount to an open indictment of Jadhav being tried before secret military “black” courts where the evidence against him and his legal defence remains unknown! How can this by any standard be termed as “fair trial”?

                                                What’s more, while rejecting all the major contentions put forward by Pakistan, the ICJ said the Vienna Convention was applicable in the Jadhav case regardless of allegations that he was engaged in espionage. It also conveyed unambiguously that, “Pakistan must inform Jadhav without further delay of his right under Article 36 and allow and arrange for his legal representation”. Pakistan should be ashamed that ICJ has to remind it that what all legal rights should be provided to Jadhav!

 

                              Bluntly put: If Pakistan has nothing to hide as it repeatedly asserts and tries to present a brave face then why was it so determined to deny even consular access and legal representation to Kulbhushan Jadhav? This itself is the biggest testimony of the irrefutable fact that Pakistan has a lot to hide and has very little to show and has no genuine proof to vindicate its false claim that Kulbhushan Jadhav is a spy and a terrorist! Why ICJ conveyed its unhappiness with the way Jadhav was tried in Pakistan? Still should Pakistan not wake up its ideas and act in the right manner?

                                                Before proceeding ahead, it would be pertinent and imperative to mention now the entire sequence of events in which the Jadhav case unfolded. This will help us understand better the entire case and how it reached its logical conclusion. It is as follows: -

                         2016

 March 3: Kulbhushan Jadhav, then 46 years, is arrested by Pakistan allegedly from Mashkel in Balochistan Province. Pakistan terms him “an Indian spy” for India’s external intelligence agency, RAW.

March 25: India notified about Jadhav’s arrest in a press release by Pakistani authorities. India rejects Pakistan’s claims and says there’s no proof that he was arrested in Balochistan.

March 26: The then Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Vikas Swarup releases a statement stating that while Jadhav was a former naval officer, he had no links with RAW or the government.

March 29: India seeks consular access to Jadhav which Pakistan does not provide.

March 30: Union Minister Kiren Rijju rubbishes  Pakistan’s claims and calls Jadhav’s “confession” about his alleged involvement in terror activities in Balochistan a lie. Indian authorities claim Jadhav was abducted from Iran where he was conducting business after retiring from Navy.

December 7: Pakistan Foreign Minister Sartaj Aziz confirms that conclusive evidence against Kulbhushan Jadhav has not been found.  Pakistan Foreign Ministry then makes a U-turn on its earlier released statement.

                         2017

Jan 6: Pakistan announced that it has submitted a dossier to the new United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres over Indian interference in Islamabad, which was aimed at “destabilising” the nation.

April 1: India starts sending diplomatic communications to Pakistan for providing consular access to Jadhav. Authorities claim that access denied despite repeated requests.

April 10: Pakistan army says Jadhav has been sentenced to death by a military court for espionage and waging war against the country.

April 12: According to a media report, Jadhav is charged with terrorism and sabotage by a court.

May 8: India moves ICJ against Pakistan’s decision and for “egregious violation of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations”. It seeks ‘provisional measures’ from ICJ and asks it to issue instructions to Pakistan to not take any action on the death sentence till India’s request for ‘provisional measures’ was considered by the court.

May 9: What came as a shot in the arm for India was ICJ staying Jadhav’s execution on India’s request. ICJ sends urgent communication to the Pakistan PM asking the country not to take measures that would result, in an ICJ ruling not having the appropriate effect thus prohibiting Pakistan from executing Jadhav.

May 15: ICJ begins hearing. ICJ hears India’s request for ‘provisional measures’.

May 18: In a further major gain for India, ICJ unanimously issues binding order on ‘provisional measures’, says all measures to be taken to prevent execution of Jadhav pending the final judgment.

June 16: World Court asks India to make its submission by September 13.

Sep 13: India files its memorial (first round of written pleadings), Pakistan follows with counter memorial on December 13, 2017.

Dec 19: India seeks 3 months to file reply (2nd pleadings). Pakistan opposes India’s request.

Dec 25: Pakistan facilitates meeting of Jadhav with his mother and wife in Islamabad but here too they are subjected to undergo humiliation like asking them to remove mangalsutra, bindi, shoes etc.

                          2018

Jan 17: ICJ accepts India’s request and gives 3 months each to India and Pakistan to file a second round of written pleadings.

April 17: India files second round of written pleadings.

July: Pakistan also follows with its own filing of second round of written pleadings.    

Oct 3: ICJ fixes dates for final hearing in the matter.

                     2019

Feb 18: ICJ begins four-day final public hearing in this case.

Feb 21: ICJ concludes the hearing and reserves the order.

July 17: ICJ orders that Jadhav must be given consular access. ICJ also orders that it has jurisdiction to decide India’s plea for Kulbhushan Jadhav. It also holds that stay of Jadhav’s execution ordered by Pakistan’s military court will continue and Pakistan has to review and reconsider conviction and sentencing of Jadhav.  

                                            Be it noted, all the 16 Judges of ICJ on the panel unanimously ruled that the ICJ’s jurisdiction held over the case. It said that the court “unanimously, finds that it has jurisdiction, on the basis of Article 1 of the Optional Protocol concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 24 April 1963, to entertain the Application filed by the Republic of India on 8 May 2017”. The judgment which was read out by Judge Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf who is the President of the ICJ at the Peace Palace on July 17, 2019 was decided with 15 judges in favour while only Pakistan’s ad-hoc Judge – Justice Tassaduq Hussain Jilani was the lone dissenter! Pakistan must be gracious enough to accept this biggest slap on its face and comply with the order passed by the ICJ to save its own reputation in front of the world!

                                   What’s more, the ICJ specifically ruled that it “finds that the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is under an obligation to inform Mr. Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav without further delay of his rights and to provide Indian consular officers access to him in accordance with Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations”. Pakistan till now was totally opposed to giving any consular access to Kulbhushan Jadhav but now it has no option but to comply! The ICJ said that the court finds that the “appropriate reparation in this case consists in the obligation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to provide by the means of its own choosing, effective review and reconsideration of the conviction and sentence of Jadhav so as to ensure that full weight is given to the effect of the violation of the rights set forth in Article 36 of the Convention.”   

                                             Not stopping here, it added that a “continued stay of execution constitutes an indispensable condition for the effective review and reconsideration of the conviction and sentence of Jadhav. The Court also found that, “by not informing Jadhav without delay of his rights under Article 36, paragraph 1(b) of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations”, Pakistan “breached the obligations” incumbent upon it under that provision. It also said that by “not notifying the appropriate consular post of the Republic of India in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan without delay of the detention of Mr Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav and thereby depriving the Republic of India of the right to render the assistance provided for by the Vienna Convention to the individual concerned, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan breached the obligations incumbent upon it under Article 36, paragraph 1 (b), of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.”

                                              What a pity that it is now after such a long legal battle that ensued and raged on in ICJ for more than 3 years and after ICJ asked Pakistan to comply that it has finally buckled after being forced to eat the humble pie and say in a mellowed manner that it has decided to grant consular access to Kulbhushan Jadhav hours after Indian Foreign Minister S Jaishankar sought it following the ICJ verdict! Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry announced in a statement that, “Pursuant to the decision of the ICJ, Commander Kulbhushan Jadhav has been informed of his rights under Article 36, Paragraph 1(b) of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. As a responsible state, Pakistan will grant consular access to Commander Kulbhushan Jadhav according to Pakistani laws, for which modalities are being worked out.” One fails to understand that why it took so long for Pakistan to become a responsible state? Why was it an irresponsible state for so long? Why it took ICJ’s intervention for Pakistan to realise its responsibility of providing consular access to Pakistan? Were Pakistan’s lawyers who claim to be very intelligent not aware even of this also that it had to face so much of international humiliation and now finally it has decided to relent on this? I pity them!

                                    Needless to say, Pakistan’s move has to be viewed as a ritualistic peace missive to India following its increasing isolation in the international community. We all know that the Financial Action Task Force has already placed Pakistan on its grey list and can be blacklisted also by October if it fails to mend its ways even now and find itself in the company of rogue countries like North Korea and Yemen among others! Can Pakistan afford this? Certainly not!

                                       While making a statement in both Houses of Parliament on the judgment by the ICJ, Foreign Minister S Jaishankar said that, “Pakistan was found to have deprived India of the right to communicate with Jadhav, have access to him, visit him in detention and arrange his legal representation”. Has Pakistan been able to justify this in ICJ? Certainly not!

                                    This alone explains that why following this landmark ICJ judgment, the Pakistan Foreign office in a terse statement has said that, “Having heard the judgment, Pakistan will now proceed as per law.” What does this reflect of Pakistan? That it was not even aware of what the law is!

                                        As things stand, we thus see that Pakistan is compelled to act now after this landmark ICJ ruling. It has now no other option but to act as per the directions of ICJ of providing Jadhav consular access, legal aid and trying him properly as per law. It is most astounding to see that Jadhav who is a retired Indian Navy officer was sentenced to death by the Pakistani military court on charges of “espionage and terrorism” after a closed kangaroo trial in April 2017. Jadhav was not just denied consular access but also denied all type of legal aid! If this is not an open mockery of justice then please tell me that what else is?

                                   Let me say this on record: The sole credit for this landmark ICJ verdict goes to eminent lead lawyer in this case and former Solicitor General of India Harish Salve who charged just one rupee for this case and left no stone unturned and pulled out all the stops to ensure that Kulbhushan Jadhav gets justice from ICJ. It is this same Harish Salve who had earlier ensured that Lt Col Shrikant Prasad Purohit who was most wrongly kept in jail for about 9 years without even charge sheet being filed against him could walk in the open air once again by securing bail for him and pointing out how injustice had been meted out to him. His popularity has increased manifold since then not just among people but even among the legal fraternity including me!

                                       To say the least, in Jadhav’s case, Harish Salve while expressing happiness at the landmark ICJ verdict said that, “The ICJ verdict calling for the consular access to Kulbhushan Jadhav and making it incumbent upon Pakistan to ensure an effective review of its legal processes is a victory of the rule of law that has ‘gladdened our hearts’. There is relief, satisfaction and a lot of hope. The judgment has restored our faith in the rule of law, in the ICJ and in the systems which we as mankind put together to protect the citizens of the world.”

                                 Going forward, Salve further disclosed that, “We had challenged the conduct of Pakistan in its brazen refusal to adhere to the Vienna Convention and allow consular access to Mr. Jadhav. The court found Pakistan guilty of internationally wrongful acts and that it must cease those acts. It is important to be positive after such a positive ruling.” He also said that he hoped Pakistan would fully comply with the judgment and that its conduct will be under watch in case it chooses to “brazenly violate” the ruling in any way.

                                         Interestingly enough, Harish Salve also added that any violation of the order would mean taking things back to the ICJ to seek further instructions. Can Pakistan afford this now? He also warned that sanctions in the United Nations Security Council and other remedies could also come into play if Pakistan fails to comply with the ICJ order. He also  further added that, “The ICJ had been categorical in its verdict that Pakistan must do everything to make the Vienna Convention a living reality. The government of Pakistan must ensure all necessary “review and reconsideration” measures, including ‘legislative’ means.”   

                          To put things in perspective, this landmark verdict clearly denotes that Jadhav will continue to be protected from the death sentence on spy and terror charges as Pakistan could not prove anything against him and now that the ruling has gone against them, Islamabad will certainly find it too difficult to risk international criticism and opprobrium by ignoring the ruling. No wonder that Pakistan as anticipated sought to downplay the big setback arguing that ICJ did not order Jadhav’s release but even they too cannot deny that the court clearly said that Pakistan is “under obligation” to review the conviction and carry out retrial in a more transparent manner which they know would ostensibly lead to Jadhav’s acquittal as they have no reliable evidence to convict him!

                                        As it turned out, the ICJ rejected Pakistan’s contention that it had no jurisdiction and that India’s complaint is not admissible. Even the Chinese Judge Xue ruled against Pakistan! ICJ held that, “Pakistan’s objection based on ‘clean hands’ doctrine must be rejected. Pakistan has not explained how any of the wrongful acts allegedly commited by India may have prevented Pakistan from fulfilling its obligation. The court finds that it has jurisdiction to entertain India’s claim. India was under no obligation to consider other dispute settlement mechanisms prior to instituting proceedings. Thus, Pakistan’s objection based on alleged non-compliance cannot be upheld.” The ICJ also held that the 2008 India-Pakistan bilateral agreement in no way trumped Islamabad’s obligations under the Vienna Convention. The ICJ was abundantly clear to hold that Pakistan had violated Article 36 of Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in denying consular access to Jadhav!

                                     Happily enough, while addressing a press conference in London, Harish Salve remarked confidently that, “I have a degree of personal satisfaction that a lot of adjectives were used by Pakistan in its submissions that I described as unfortunate because of my upbringing as Indian. The Court has said Pakistan is guilty of internationally wrongful acts and it must cease those acts. This is a trenchant indictment”. He also said that, “The court said Pakistan has to do everything to make the Vienna Convention a living reality” while pointing out that the international legal body also asked for a fair trial of Mr Jadhav. There can be no denying it!

                                      Suffice it to say, Salve rightly said that the judgment gives India a “good moment” to help Mr Jadhav get justice. He also very wisely pointed out that a re-trial of Mr Jadhav in a military court in Pakistan would not meet the standards set by the ICJ. He also rightly described the verdict as a victory for the rule of law.

                                It is heartening to note that even the Opposition parties have welcomed the verdict. Former Union Finance Minister and also a senior Supreme Court lawyer P Chidambaram said that, “ICJ delivers ‘justice’ in the true sense of that word, upholding human rights, due procedure and the rule of law.” Former Union External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj too said that, “I wholeheartedly welcome the verdict of International Court of Justice in the case of Kulbhushan Jadhav. It is a great victory for India.” Very rightly said!

                                        It also cannot be lost on us that Gautam Bambawale who as India’s envoy to Pakistan when Jadhav was arrested had bombarded the Pakistani government with repeated official requests for consular access, thereby creating the right conditions for India’s case at the ICJ has said most unequivocally that, “ICJ has clearly ruled that Pakistan must review the case. This implies that the earlier military court proceeding did not give Jadhav due process. So a retrial must take place which must be fairer than earlier, with full consular access and a defence attorney for Jadhav.” The ICJ has worked with precedents in the cases of Germany vs the United States (LaGrand) and Mexico vs the United States (Avena), and in both these cases it had ruled that the US was in violation of the Vienna Convention and ordered a “review and reconsideration” of its process!

                                 It is worth mentioning here that ICJ emphasized in no uncertain terms that the review of Jadhav’s case by Pakistan must be effective as the outcome of his mercy petition to the Pakistan Army Chief was not known, and no evidence was submitted to the court on the presidential clemency procedure. ICJ noted that Pakistan had stated during arguments that its high courts were competent to carry out a review.

                                         Going forward, ICJ also observed that Article 199 of Pakistan’s Constitution had been interpreted by the Supreme Court as limiting the availability of such a review for a person like Jadhav, who is subject to the Pakistan Army Act. The ICJ in its historic verdict also said that, “Thus, it is not clear whether judicial review of a decision of a military court is available on the ground that there has been a violation of the rights set forth in Article 36, paragraph 1 of the Vienna Convention.” The verdict, however, added that, “Pakistan contends that its domestic legal system provides for an established and defined process whereby the civil courts can undertake a substantive review of the decisions of military tribunals, in order to ensure procedural fairness has been afforded to the accused, and that its courts are well suited to carrying out a review and reconsideration that gives full weight to the effect of any violation of Article 36 of the Vienna Convention.”

                                        Before parting, it must be said that in a 15-1 order, the ICJ held that Jadhav’s execution will remain on hold until Islamabad “effectively reviews and reconsiders’ his execution. ICJ also made it amply clear that, “A continued stay of execution constitutes an indispensable condition for the effective review and reconsideration of the conviction and sentence of Mr Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav”. The World Court also ruled decisively in favour of India’s plea to allow it full consular access to Jadhav which Pakistan has consistently denied so far.

                        It is most heartening to note that the Pakistani Judge Tassaduq Hussain Gilani from Pakistan was completely isolated and was the only one to go against the majority judgment. Even the Judge from China – Vice President Xue also voted in favour of the judgment. India could just not secure the annulment of Jadhav’s conviction by the military court in Pakistan and his immediate release. But here too now Pakistan is under an obligation to ensure that the trial held is proper, legal and fair! The ICJ found that Pakistan deprived India of the right to communicate with and have access to Jadhav, to visit him in detention and to arrange for his legal representation and thereby breached obligations incumbent upon it under the Vienna Convention! Pakistan is left now with no option but to comply gracefully with this historic ICJ judgment as it has itself conceded also! What more could India have asked for than this?


Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  22 Jul 2019     Views:1576

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Supreme Court’s judgement on Shreya Singhal v. U...
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International Court of Justice...
28 Mar 2020     Views:1813
Feminist Jurisprudence...
27 Mar 2020     Views:1959
IP Protection and Diffusion of Environmentally Sou...
27 Mar 2020     Views:2098
Covid-19 fostered Racism ...
26 Mar 2020     Views:1535
Mercy Petition: The Process ...
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WTO Work Programme on E-Commerce ...
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Comparison between Section 144 of CrPC, lockdown a...
26 Mar 2020     Views:2160
Prison reforms...
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How far has the LGBTQI community come?...
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Public Interest Litigation...
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The Right to information Act- Still a right or not...
25 Mar 2020     Views:1714
Legalization of Marijuana...
25 Mar 2020     Views:1561
Significance of AB PM-JAY in the light of COVID-19...
25 Mar 2020     Views:1443
The History of Magna Carta...
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Introduction to Child Rights in India...
25 Mar 2020     Views:6206
CENTRE CANNOT DECLARE AN ORGANISATION POLITICAL: ...
06 Mar 2020     Views:3964
A DECISION MADE BY SC ON AYODHYA VERDICT...
29 Jan 2020     Views:1933
RIGHTS OF TRANSGENDER IN INDIA...
29 Jan 2020     Views:2167
MARITAL RAPE - A NON CRIMINALIZED CRIME IN INDIA...
24 Jan 2020     Views:2203
MISCONCEPTION ABOUT CITIZENSHIP AMENDMENT ACT ...
22 Jan 2020     Views:2112
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE...
21 Jan 2020     Views:2180
Hyderabad Encounter- Human Rights Violation or Jus...
18 Jan 2020     Views:2698
NOTE ON NIRBHAY CASE CONVICTS...
17 Jan 2020     Views:2107
NOTE ON ARTICLE 370...
17 Jan 2020     Views:2052
Rape and Indian laws ...
13 Jan 2020     Views:2695
An overview on Drugs Law...
13 Jan 2020     Views:2255
Mob Lynching: Role of Politics and approach of Jud...
08 Jan 2020     Views:5148
Trademarks: Spectrum of Distinctiveness and Indian...
06 Jan 2020     Views:5906
Women Prisoners ...
23 Dec 2019     Views:2282
Child Care Institutions and its Judicial Interpret...
23 Dec 2019     Views:2376
Smart Contracts and Their Relevance in The Legal P...
19 Dec 2019     Views:2010
Government Vs Opposition on the Citizenship Amendm...
12 Dec 2019     Views:2317
Condition Of Lady Advocates Vulnerable: Lawyer App...
11 Dec 2019     Views:2848
Montesquieu’s Theory of Separation of Powers: Ho...
10 Dec 2019     Views:35488
JUDICIAL REVIEW AND JUDICIAL OVER-REACH: TRANSITIO...
10 Dec 2019     Views:4180
Due Process Of Law For Rapists Must Speed Up Now...
10 Dec 2019     Views:1953
Human Rights Of Women Must Also Be Respected...
09 Dec 2019     Views:1964
Speedy Capital Punishment For Rapists Must Be Ensu...
08 Dec 2019     Views:2029
Why Only One Dhananjoy Chatterjee Hanged Till Now?...
07 Dec 2019     Views:2630
Why No Death Penalty For Gang Rape In India?...
07 Dec 2019     Views:1711
Rape Convicts Must Be Hanged At The Earliest From ...
05 Dec 2019     Views:1730
No Mercy Petition And No Life Term Ever For Gang R...
02 Dec 2019     Views:2047
Section 207 CrPC: Magistrate Cannot Withhold Any D...
02 Dec 2019     Views:3440
UP Bar Council Chairman Harishankar Singh Openly C...
17 Nov 2019     Views:2294
AN UNDERSTANDING OF PRESIDENT’S RULE UNDER ART 3...
13 Nov 2019     Views:4121
COOKING UP A LEGALLY PROTECTED MEAL: A study on IP...
13 Nov 2019     Views:2104
Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde To Be The New CJI From...
31 Oct 2019     Views:2382
UK Supreme Court Declares Prorogation Of Parliamen...
29 Sep 2019     Views:1798
Right To Access Internet Is Part Of Right To Priva...
23 Sep 2019     Views:1830
No Attempt Made To Frame Uniform Civil Code Despit...
19 Sep 2019     Views:1749
A Legal Giant Named Ram Jethmalani Finally Passes ...
09 Sep 2019     Views:1622
Judicial Service – HC Can’t Modify/Relax Instr...
02 Sep 2019     Views:1407
Government Notifies Strict Provisions Of Motor Veh...
31 Aug 2019     Views:1530
NDPS: Reverse Burden Of Proof Does Not Absolve Pro...
30 Aug 2019     Views:2390
Institutional Independence, Financial Autonomy Int...
28 Aug 2019     Views:1458
A Legal Luminary And A Political Stalwart Passes A...
25 Aug 2019     Views:1692
Allahabad HC Bans DJs And Passes Directions For Re...
24 Aug 2019     Views:1438
Delhi HC Refuses Anticipatory Bail To P Chidambara...
23 Aug 2019     Views:1665
Chidambaram Getting No Respite From Courts...
23 Aug 2019     Views:1369
Domestic Violence And Dowry Accused Set Free By Th...
22 Aug 2019     Views:4795
Bombsy HC: Treat every citizen with dignity...
20 Aug 2019     Views:4980
Integration Of J&K With India Is Now Full And Fina...
20 Aug 2019     Views:2478
Second Appeal Not To Be Dismissed Merely On The Gr...
18 Aug 2019     Views:1532
Judge Can Recuse From A Case At His Own Volition, ...
17 Aug 2019     Views:1640
Don't politicize demolition of temples: SC...
16 Aug 2019     Views:5054
Madras Christian College - female students sexuall...
16 Aug 2019     Views:4648
Charged for employing triple talaq...
16 Aug 2019     Views:2380
Earlier Convicted now Acquitted - Lack of Conclusi...
15 Aug 2019     Views:2325
MACAD Scheme to be enforced in Tamil Nadu - 1st Oc...
15 Aug 2019     Views:2235
Filing Of Criminal Complaint For Settling Civil Di...
15 Aug 2019     Views:1668
End Discrimination: Equalize legal age of Marriage...
14 Aug 2019     Views:1524
Madras HC issues directions upon Officers to check...
14 Aug 2019     Views:2056
BOMBAY HC to Civic Bodies: "Own up to your respons...
14 Aug 2019     Views:1551
Infringement of Registered TM "Vistara" - Threat t...
13 Aug 2019     Views:2133
US Citizen approaches Bombay High Court After Bein...
13 Aug 2019     Views:1752
Normalcy need not be restored in J&K instantly : S...
13 Aug 2019     Views:1664
Prohibitory Steps taken against Students for Consu...
13 Aug 2019     Views:1654
Basic Amenities to Traffic Personnel ...
12 Aug 2019     Views:1479
Madras HC upholds the appointment notification of ...
12 Aug 2019     Views:1584
Plea against E-pharmacies struck down by Bombay HC...
12 Aug 2019     Views:1589
Parliament Rightly Makes Triple Talaq Criminal But...
12 Aug 2019     Views:1552
No Tax Deduction from Motor Accident Compensation ...
11 Aug 2019     Views:1689
Delhi HC: Plant 50 Trees, Quash Criminal Proceedin...
11 Aug 2019     Views:1524
Iyal Isai Nataka Mandram should abide by the time ...
11 Aug 2019     Views:1768
Transitory Committee to be formed for Indian Arche...
11 Aug 2019     Views:1534
Outlawing Of Triple Talaq Is Highly Commendable...
11 Aug 2019     Views:1519
Daring Resolve Taken By Centre On Jammu And Kashmi...
10 Aug 2019     Views:1467
M Kavitha’s suspension to be reviewed...
09 Aug 2019     Views:2175
SC: Adverse Possession owing to Title over Propert...
09 Aug 2019     Views:1625
Regulation of Online streaming contents out of the...
09 Aug 2019     Views:1542
Constitution Cannot Be Above Country Come What May...
09 Aug 2019     Views:1561
Ocean waves to be our new energy source...
08 Aug 2019     Views:1963
Delhi HC: Simple language to be incorporated in FI...
08 Aug 2019     Views:1877
THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA ASKED THE GOVERNMENT T...
08 Aug 2019     Views:1410
Victim Has A Right To Assist The Court In A Trial ...
08 Aug 2019     Views:3013
Study of Lakes to be Conducted by NEERI...
07 Aug 2019     Views:1824
SC Denies Permission to Conduct DNA Tests...
07 Aug 2019     Views:1727
Whatsapp's fight against interference with User-Pr...
07 Aug 2019     Views:1536
Evidence Of A Solitary Witness In A Criminal Trial...
07 Aug 2019     Views:1595
High Court of Karnataka set aside the retirement o...
07 Aug 2019     Views:1776
Study of Lakes to be Conducted by NEERI...
06 Aug 2019     Views:1698
History-sheeter kidnaps and rapes a College Studen...
06 Aug 2019     Views:1762
No Room For Sympathy While Sentencing Terror Convi...
06 Aug 2019     Views:1727
Rejected Plea: Declaration of Vande Mataram as Nat...
05 Aug 2019     Views:1949
Madras HC corrects the computation error of Motor ...
05 Aug 2019     Views:1524
Fundamental Right To Privacy Not Absolute And Must...
05 Aug 2019     Views:1822
Diocese of Tanjore Society School gets relief from...
04 Aug 2019     Views:1728
THE TEMPLES IN KARNATAKA NO MORE BE GOVERNED UNDER...
03 Aug 2019     Views:1804
Triple Talaq legislation is challenged in the Delh...
03 Aug 2019     Views:1508
Special Olympics International Football Championsh...
03 Aug 2019     Views:1427
Concession to be given to disabled persons appeari...
03 Aug 2019     Views:2081
Bombay High Court Hears Dowry Case Involving A Civ...
03 Aug 2019     Views:1835
Karnataka High Court on the condition of Roads...
02 Aug 2019     Views:2099
SC ORDERS DEATH PENALTY IN COIMBATORE GANG-RAPE CA...
02 Aug 2019     Views:1626
RBI Changes Features Of New Currency Notes. Bombay...
02 Aug 2019     Views:1480
Interest Of Victim And Society At Large Must Also ...
02 Aug 2019     Views:1517
Abolition of Colonial Decorum in Courts...
01 Aug 2019     Views:5785
Punjab & Haryana HC Bans Use Of Loudspeakers Witho...
31 Jul 2019     Views:2349
ICJ Has Rightly Called Pakistan’s Bluff In Jadha...
26 Jul 2019     Views:1542
Review And Reconsider Conviction And Sentencing Of...
22 Jul 2019     Views:1576
Plaintiff Cannot Be Forced To Add Parties Against ...
21 Jul 2019     Views:1795
Biggest Slap By ICJ Directly Right On The Face Of ...
19 Jul 2019     Views:1496
Delhi HC Imposes Rs. 50,000 Cost On Woman For Fals...
17 Jul 2019     Views:1526
Non-Appointment Of Judges Affects Speedy Justice: ...
16 Jul 2019     Views:1444
Right To Get Anticipatory Bail Is Not Any Fundamen...
14 Jul 2019     Views:1816
Plea For Anticipatory Bail Not Maintainable Before...
13 Jul 2019     Views:1968
Divorce Cannot Be Granted Only On Ground Of Irretr...
11 Jul 2019     Views:1463
Right To Shelter A Fundamental Right; State Has Co...
08 Jul 2019     Views:1587
HC Cannot Reverse Acquittal Without Affording Oppo...
06 Jul 2019     Views:1350
Centre Is Legally Empowered To Create A High Court...
05 Jul 2019     Views:2046
Centre Must Now Immediately Order Creation Of HC B...
03 Jul 2019     Views:1412
UAPA: SC Dismisses PFI Leader’s Plea Seeking Dis...
02 Jul 2019     Views:1600
How To Record The Evidence Of Deaf And Dumb Rape V...
01 Jul 2019     Views:2443
Ban Advocates From Carrying Weapons Inside Court P...
26 Jun 2019     Views:2781
Enact Strict Law To Ensure Personal Safety Of Doct...
26 Jun 2019     Views:2764
Mere Aggressive Behaviour Of Wife Not A Ground Of ...
26 Jun 2019     Views:2902
Court Cannot Destroy Faith & Beliefs Of People: Ma...
07 Jun 2019     Views:1389
Insult Of Soldier In Name Of Law Is Most Disgracef...
07 Jun 2019     Views:1692
Courts Cannot Decide Eligibility And Essential Qua...
20 May 2019     Views:5036
SC Upholds Constitutionality Of Section 23 Of PCPN...
20 May 2019     Views:2764
My Unflinching Faith In CJI Stands Fully Vindicate...
20 May 2019     Views:1915
Solitary Confinement Of Death Convict Prior To Rej...
20 May 2019     Views:2252
Section 498A & 306 IPC: Incidents Which Happened M...
20 May 2019     Views:5738
Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In Ind...
20 May 2019     Views:1681
Successive Bail Applications Should Be Placed Befo...
20 May 2019     Views:9028
“Drop This Episode From Your Minds And Gossips...
20 May 2019     Views:1551
Is The Criticism Of In-House Procedure Justified?...
20 May 2019     Views:1764
Mere Pendency Of Civil Case Between Complainant An...
20 May 2019     Views:1475
Section 482 CrPC: HC Should Assign Reasons As To W...
20 May 2019     Views:3217
Delhi High Court Directs Government To Set Up 18 F...
20 May 2019     Views:1569
No New Appointments To Be Made From In-Service Can...
18 May 2019     Views:1411
Only Advocates Can Plead And Argue On Behalf Of Li...
09 Apr 2019     Views:3552
Nations Must Make Gun Laws More Stricter...
04 Apr 2019     Views:4373
SC Designates 37 Lawyers As Senior Advocates...
04 Apr 2019     Views:8144
Adding Additional Accused: To Invoke Section 319 C...
04 Apr 2019     Views:6686
SC Sets Aside Life Ban Imposed On Cricketer Sreesa...
04 Apr 2019     Views:1823
P&H HC Directs Protection Of Honest Officers While...
04 Apr 2019     Views:1606
Death Sentence Can Be Imposed Only When Life Impri...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2157
Islamabad High Court Rejects Plea Against Release ...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2321
Lawyers Resort To Seek Unnecessary Adjournments Am...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2413
Even Poem Can Help Save A Death Convict From Gallo...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2443
Educated Woman Supposed To Be Fully Aware Of Conse...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1457
Jammu and Kashmir HC Upholds PM’s Employment Pac...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1909
Magistrate Shall Specify Whether Sentences Awarded...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2627
Mere Inability To Repay Loan Does Not Constitute C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:3147
Inability To Establish Motive In A Case Of Circums...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2880
Punjab & Haryana HC Issues Slew Of Directions To C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:3179
Court Has to Confine Itself To The Four Corners Of...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1607
Long Pendency Amounts To A Special Reason For Impo...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1675
Successive Applications For Recalling Witnesses Sh...
23 Feb 2019     Views:3262
Lieutenant General (Rtd) Cannot Be Tried In A Gene...
06 Feb 2019     Views:2572
Autonomy Of the Bar Cannot Be Taken Over By The Co...
05 Feb 2019     Views:3241
Casual Act Of Possession Over Property Does Not Co...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2485
No Authority Can Claim Privilege Not To Comply Wit...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2733
Death Sentence Only When The Alternative Option Is...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2808
SC Imposes Rs 5 Crore Penalty On A Medical College...
28 Jan 2019     Views:2079
A Judicial Officer Is Not An Ordinary Government S...
25 Jan 2019     Views:2192
Rape And Murder Of 8 Year Old Girl: SC Commutes De...
23 Jan 2019     Views:2244
Mere Allegations Of Harassment Without Proximate P...
23 Jan 2019     Views:2855
Legal Article Why Should They Speak Lies: Decease...
23 Jan 2019     Views:1762
Can a Economic offender can escape by surrendering...
22 Jan 2019     Views:1633
NCW is a Lame Duck or Legal Guardian for women...
22 Jan 2019     Views:1521
Mutual Consent Divorce Procedure in Chennai Family...
21 Jan 2019     Views:6726
Quick Divorce in India...
21 Jan 2019     Views:1669
4 Important things to file Divorce in Chennai...
21 Jan 2019     Views:1846
How to get Divorce for Muslim Men ...
21 Jan 2019     Views:12063
Offences Under Section 307 IPC Can’t Be Quashed ...
17 Jan 2019     Views:3827
Suspicion, Howsoever Grave, Can’t Substitute Pro...
17 Jan 2019     Views:1608
Delhi HC Rejects AJL's Plea Against Centre's Order...
03 Jan 2019     Views:2615
1984 Anti-Sikh Riots: Delhi HC Awards Life Term To...
03 Jan 2019     Views:2301
SC Dismisses Petitions Seeking Probe Into Rafale D...
20 Dec 2018     Views:2699
Executive Magistrate Cannot Direct Police To Regis...
20 Dec 2018     Views:3278
Why Lawyers Of West UP Are Compelled To Strike Fre...
20 Dec 2018     Views:1887
recheck...
19 Dec 2018     Views:2412
1984 Anti-Sikh Riots – Delhi HC Upholds Convicti...
12 Dec 2018     Views:2022
Why Lawless West UP Has No High Court Bench?...
11 Dec 2018     Views:2317
Bombay HC Quashes Government Resolution Making It ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:2452
SLP Against Death Sentence Shall Not Be Dismissed ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:2508
SC Allows Live-Streaming Of Public Proceedings In ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:2371
Sexual Offenders Registry For Law Enforcement Agen...
26 Nov 2018     Views:4596
Delhi HC Sentences 16 Policemen To Life Imprisonme...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1617
Men Too Have Right Not To Be Defamed And Denounced...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1742
Courts Have To Adequately Consider Defence Of The ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1593
CJI Ranjan Gogoi Demonstrates His Firm Resolve And...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1529
SC Issues Directions On Examination Of Witnesses I...
26 Nov 2018     Views:3166
Aadhaar Held Mandatory For Government Subsidies An...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1993
Legal Article Now Bar Council ID Card Is Valid Id...
01 Nov 2018     Views:2752
SC Sets Deadline On Sale Of BS-IV Vehicles; Says H...
01 Nov 2018     Views:2564
Devotion Cannot Be Subjected To Gender Discriminat...
23 Oct 2018     Views:3835
There Cannot Be Any Mechanical Denial Of Appointme...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2879
Rights Of Accused Far Outweigh That Of Victims, Ne...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1762
SC Strikes Down 158 Year Old Adultery Law Under Se...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2839
Extra-Judicial Confession Of Accused Need Not In A...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2009
Leaders Of Outfits Calling For Mob Violence Liable...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1785
Section 377 IPC Decriminalised Partially By Supre...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2316
New CJI Ranjan Gogoi Is Determined To Ensure Sweep...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2149
Court Must Not Go Deep Into The Matter While Consi...
26 Sep 2018     Views:2460
Reputation Of An Individual Is An Insegregable Fac...
26 Sep 2018     Views:3260
Sec. 498A IPC: Only HC Can Quash Cases On Settleme...
18 Sep 2018     Views:4196
Punjab & Haryana HC Orders Rape Convict, Mother To...
17 Sep 2018     Views:2534
Bombay HC Imposes Cost Of Rs 50K On Petitioner Fir...
17 Sep 2018     Views:1803
Uttarakhand HC Dismisses “Contempt Petition” A...
14 Sep 2018     Views:1872
SC Stresses On Need To Develop And Recognize ‘De...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1804
Mirchpur Dalit Killings: “Atrocities Against SCs...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1980
SC Upholds Pan India Reservation Rule in Delhi; Bu...
03 Sep 2018     Views:2309
NDPS Bail Conditions Discriminatory, Irrational An...
31 Aug 2018     Views:3156
People Without A Degree Performing Surgeries: Utta...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1891
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions For Conserving ...
28 Aug 2018     Views:2361
12 Year Old Girl’s Rape And Murder: Constitute P...
28 Aug 2018     Views:2156
MP HC To Debar Members/Office Bearers Of Bar Counc...
22 Aug 2018     Views:1820
Special Squad, Police Patrolling Every 24 Hours To...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1976
NRC Being Prepared Under Supreme Court’s Watch I...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1978
Victims Of Crime Can Seek Cancellation Of Bail: MP...
20 Aug 2018     Views:2126
Delhi HC Strikes Down Provisions In Law That Crimi...
13 Aug 2018     Views:2175
Delhi HC Quashes Govt Notification Revising Minimu...
09 Aug 2018     Views:2139
Poorest Of Poor Cannot Go To Private Hospitals: Ut...
07 Aug 2018     Views:2454
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Just Keep Strikin...
04 Aug 2018     Views:2424
Courts Must See That The Public Doesn’t Lose Con...
04 Aug 2018     Views:1916
UK Tier 1 Entrepreneur Visa: Overview from Experts...
31 Jul 2018     Views:2012
Enact Law For Safety Of Soldiers Of Jammu And Kash...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1884
SC Advocates Creating A Special Law Against Lynchi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3263
Matrimonial Discord Can’t Be Considered As Reaso...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3251
Uttarakhand HC Recommends Govt To Enact Legislatio...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3102
High Court Priests Cannot Refuse To Perform Religi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2376
Uttarakhand High Court Passes String Of Directions...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1713
SC Finally Decides Master Of Roster Case...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1656
Stone Pelters And Terrorists Have No Right To Life...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2218
Remove Designations Like Police, HC, Journalist, A...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2190
Why Centre is Providing Security For Separatists B...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1953
Farmer Suicide Due To Bankruptcy Or Indebtedness: ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:4801
Every Indian Should Salute Brave Soldier Aurangzeb...
05 Jul 2018     Views:3374
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions To Curb Drug Pedd...
05 Jul 2018     Views:2685
Have A Functional National Law University Within 3...
05 Jul 2018     Views:2278
Establish Regional Bench Of AFT In The State Withi...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1670
Cancel Licences of Drivers Using Cell Phones; Helm...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1561
Uttarakhand High Court Puts Restrictions On Noise ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1723
Supreme Court To Look Into Validity Of Amended Law...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1547
Mysterious Deaths, Rapes, Malnutrition, Unsanitary...
29 Jun 2018     Views:2729
No Politics Please Over Plan To Assassinate PM Mod...
11 Jun 2018     Views:2143
Free Mentally Ill Children And Formulate Policies ...
11 Jun 2018     Views:2562
Landmark Ruling By Uttarakhand HC On Solitary Conf...
07 Jun 2018     Views:3159
Right Of Adult Couple To Live Together Without Mar...
06 Jun 2018     Views:2247
Why BJP Will Be Wiped Out In West UP And UP?...
06 Jun 2018     Views:2325
Why UP Has Just One High Court Bench And West UP N...
05 Jun 2018     Views:1854
Women Governed By Muslim Personal Law Can Invoke P...
04 Jun 2018     Views:1601
Why Is BJP Not Creating More Benches In UP?...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1765
Probation Period To Count For New Civil Servants B...
01 Jun 2018     Views:3564
SC Women Lawyers Association Seeks Chemical Castra...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1595
SC Finally Steps In To Expedite POCSO Cases...
01 Jun 2018     Views:3014
UP Former CMs Can’t Stay In Govt Bungalows: SC...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1536
Make BCCI A Public Body: Law Panel...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1899
Self-Styled Godman Asaram Awarded Life Until Death...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1784
Why Cases Withdrawn Against Stone Pelters In Kashm...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1950
A High Court Bench For West UP In Meerut Is Impera...
01 Jun 2018     Views:2148
People Of Karnataka Should Worship Congress...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1967
Delhi HC Upholds Life Term To Seven Policemen...
19 Mar 2018     Views:1677
Finance Act-2018 And Customs Act-1962 (Amendments)...
28 Feb 2018     Views:1812
Why No Death Or Life Term For Corruption?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1592
Will Electoral Bonds Usher In Transparency?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1544
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Keep Striking?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1677
Finance Act 2018 and Customs Act 1962...
18 Feb 2018     Views:2155
Why Has Stone Pelting Been Legalised In Kashmir?...
12 Feb 2018     Views:1703
Shopian Firing: Major's Dad Moving SC For Quashing...
12 Feb 2018     Views:1620
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Kill Stone Pelt...
12 Feb 2018     Views:3010
Attack On Lawyers: Delhi HC Issues Notice To Delhi...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1597
Female Foeticide Must Be Punished Most Strictly...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1855
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Act In Self Def...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1601
New Consumer Protection Bill 2018 Will Entail More...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1620
CJI Brings Out A Roster To Allot Cases...
10 Feb 2018     Views:2177
Five Year Jail Term For Lalu In Third Fodder Scam ...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1702
SC Quashes All The 88 Mining Leases In Goa...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1733
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 (PMLA-20...
07 Feb 2018     Views:1756
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 Amended ...
04 Feb 2018     Views:2289
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 --U/S 45(...
03 Feb 2018     Views:2135
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 (P...
16 Jan 2018     Views:1795
humanity...
13 Jan 2018     Views:1554
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 PMLA...
13 Jan 2018     Views:1589
Right to Know...
05 Jan 2018     Views:2072
A STUDY OF CERTAIN DEDUCTIONS ON INCOME TAX RELATI...
29 Dec 2017     Views:2231
Enviornment protection is for saving universe...
28 Dec 2017     Views:1558
RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND STATUS OF SECTION 377, IPC, 1...
26 Dec 2017     Views:1824
PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EXISTING POLICE SYSTEM...
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