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  • Court Has to Confine Itself To The Four Corners Of Disobeyed Order While Exercising Contempt Jurisdiction: SC

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Court Has to Confine Itself To The Four Corners Of Disobeyed Order While Exercising Contempt Jurisdiction: SC

Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  23 Feb 2019     Views:1005

To start with, in a significant observation, the Supreme Court just recently on February 6, 2019 in a latest case titled Er. K. Arumugam v. V. Balakrishnan & Ors in Civil Appeal No. 1510 of 2019 (arising out of SLP(C) No. 30317 of 2017) has firmly reiterated that while exercising the contempt jurisdiction, the court has to confine itself to the four corners of the order alleged to have been disobeyed. This latest, landmark and laudable judgment authored by Justice R Banumathi for herself and Justice R Subhash Reddy made this noteworthy observation in an appeal while challenging a Madras High Court order in a contempt case, which passed directions beyond the order allegedly disobeyed. It clearly and convincingly held that, “In the contempt jurisdiction, the court has to confine itself to the four corners of the order alleged to have been disobeyed.”

                               As it turned out, the Bench while first and foremost granting leave then proceeds on to observe in para 2 that, “This appeal arises out of the judgment dated 23.08.2017 passed by the High Court of Madras in Contempt Appeal No. 2 of 2017 affirming the order passed by the learned Single judge dated 13.02.2017 in and by which the appellant-TWAD Board was directed to pay Rs. 600/- per sq. ft. to the first respondent for the land which the appellant-Board entered possession in 1991 with the consent of the first respondent.”

                                       Elaborating further, it is then pointed out in para 3 that, “During the year 1991-1992, land to an extent of 86.5 cents in Survey No. 271/2A SE – “Dry Land” in Walajabad Village was entered upon by the appellant – Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD Board) with the consent of the first respondent – land owner for the construction of Head works and Staff quarters. In the year 1993, the appellant-Board constructed the Head works for supply of drinking water and residential Staff quarters. Accepting the recommendation of the Revenue Divisional Officer, Kancheepuram made in the year 1991, by an order dated 30.03.2015, the District Collector Kancheepuram fixed the value of the land at the rate of Rs. 260/- per cent and the total value of the land was arrived at Rs. 22,490/-. Giving incentive of 12% for every year up to 2012, the value of the land was fixed at Rs. 2,43,001/-. A demand draft of Rs. 2,43,001/- had been sent to the first respondent by the appellant-Board vide its letter dated 14.05.2015 vide its letter dated 14.05.2015 which the first respondent refused to receive and the same was returned.”

                                      Now coming to the next para 4, it then goes on to state that, “On 31.01.2016, the first respondent filed Writ Petition No. 3874 of 2016 and on the third day of filing of the petition i.e. on 03.02.2016, the High Court disposed of the said writ petition with direction to the appellant-Board to submit a report to the District Collector and to ensure that a fair and reasonable compensation be sanctioned to the first respondent at an early date not later than two months. The said order reads as under:-

“6. In the light of the above, there will be a direction to the 3rd respondent to submit his report/response to the 4th respondent as requested in the letter of the 4th respondent dated 23.09.2015, within a period of three weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this order. On receipt of such response shall place appropriate proposal for the consideration of the 2nd respondent within a period of three weeks thereafter. Thereafter, the 2nd respondent shall consider the matter and ensure that fair and reasonable compensation is sanctioned to the petitioner and paid at the earliest, not later than two months from the date on which the proposal is submitted by the 4th respondent. The authorities are well advised to adhere the time schedule fixed by this Court, failing which, it would amount to disobedience of the order, warranting action under the Contempt of Courts Act”.”

                         As a consequence, it is then observed in para 5 that, “In compliance of the above direction, the Managing Director of the appellant-Board had sent a letter dated 03.03.2016 to the District Collector, Kancheepuram stating that the District Collector, Kancheepuram is the authority to fix the land value and requested him to fix a fair and reasonable value of the land as ordered by the High Court. A State Level Committee meeting attended by High Level Officers had been convened on 25.04.2016. As seen from the Minutes of the Meeting, the entire matter has been thoroughly discussed and considered. It was decided in the said meeting that the case neither comes under the ambit of the Land Acquisition Act nor under ‘Private Negotiation’ and only the District Collector is fully competent to fix the value of the land in such cases.” It is then pointed out in this same para 5 that, “Accordingly, it was decided to remit the matter to the District Collector to determine the value of the land and communicate the same to the Managing Director, TWAD Board so that a fair and reasonable compensation is sanctioned to the first respondent and to ensure compliance of the order of the High Court.”

                                Needless to say, it is then brought out in para 6 that, “The District Collector accordingly held a detailed enquiry and examined various aspects of the matter and also took into consideration the prevailing guideline value as on 01.04.2012. After elaborate consideration, the District Collector vide proceeding dated 23.05.2016 fixed the land value at the rate of Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. which was the guideline value as on 01.04.2012 and the said order reads as under:-

“7. During the Private Negotiation meeting conducted on 09.04.2012, it was decided to go for value as per the prevailing guideline value as on 01.04.2012. The Sub-Registrar, Walajabad recommended and reported that the guideline value was at the rate Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. for the land in S. No. 271/2A5E in his letter no. 114/2012, dt 16.04.2012. Accordingly, the District Collector, Kancheepuram in his proceedings dt. 19.05.2012 has fixed the land value at Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. which was the guideline value as on 01.04.2012 and the total value of the land was arrived at Rs. 75,42,800/-.”

The District Collector also observed that the land value at Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. is fixed and the same may be paid with interest at the rate of 12% per annum from 19.05.2012 till date of payment. The District Collector opined that land value fixed at Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. as on 01.04.2012 is a fair and reasonable value considering the classification of the land at the time when Board entered upon the land. Based on the land value fixed by the District Collector, calculating the amount at the rate of Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. along with interest, TWAD Board calculated the total amount of compensation at Rs. 1,11,80,723/- as under:-

 

Land area                         ……        86 ½ cent or 37714 Sq. ft.

Cost of land at the          ……         Rs. 75,42,800/-

rate of Rs. 200/-

per sq. ft.   

Interest @ the rate of    …….        Rs. 36,37,923/-        

12% per annum from

19.05.2012 to 25.05.2016 –

4 years and 7 days

Total                                ……..        Rs. 1,11,80,723/-

The first respondent received the said amount of Rs. 1,11,80,723/- with protest on 31.05.2016 and issued a receipt for the said amount.”   

                                     To put things in perspective, para 7 then goes on to reveal that, “The first respondent did not challenge the rate fixed by the District Collector at Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. in a manner known to law. On the other hand, the first respondent filed Contempt Petition No. 2626 of 2016 in W.P. No. 3874 of 2016 on 28.09.2016 alleging disobedience of the order passed by the High Court on 03.02.2016. The learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant-Board submitted that when the contempt petition came up before the learned Single Judge on 25.11.2016, though no orders were passed, some instructions appeared to have been given to the TWAD Board. It was submitted that apprehending that she might be hauled up for contempt of court, the District Collector vide order dated 30.11.2016 fixed the value of the land at the rate of Rs. 500/- per sq. ft. When the contempt petition came up for hearing on 13.02.2017, going beyond the order passed in Writ Petition No. 3874/2016, the learned Single Judge fixed the value of the land at Rs. 600/- per sq. ft. and directed the balance amount to be paid to the first respondent at the rate of Rs. 400/- per sq. ft. The order passed by the High Court reads as under:-

“6. Considering the facts and circumstances of the case, this Court is inclined to fix a reasonable amount of compensation and accordingly, the same is fixed at Rs. 600/- per sq. ft. has been paid on 25.05.2016 together with interest, the balance amount payable per square feet is Rs. 400/-. However, the interest for the differential amount shall be calculated only at the rate of Rs. 300/- per sq. ft. from 19.05.2012 till 25.05.2016. The above direction shall be complied with by the respondents within a period of four weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this order. On receipt of the amount, the erstwhile owner shall execute a sale deed in favour of the TWAD Board and the expenses be borne by the TWAD Board”………..”

                                     Be it noted, it is then pointed out in para 8 that, “Being aggrieved by the above order passed in the contempt proceedings, the appellant-Board preferred appeal before the Division Bench. The said appeal came to be dismissed by the impugned order.” Para 9 then further points out that, “We have heard learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant-Board and learned senior counsel for the first respondent and perused the impugned order and materials on record.”

                       More importantly, the Bench then observes in para 10 that, “The question falling for consideration in this appeal is, in exercise of contempt jurisdiction, whether the learned Single Judge was right in travelling beyond the four corners of the order in W.P. No. 3874 of 2016 dated 03.02.2016 and directing the appellant-Board to pay the compensation at the rate of Rs. 600/- per sq. ft.”

                        To put it succinctly, it is then noted in para 11 that, “In Writ Petition No. 3874/2016, the High Court passed the order dated 03.02.2016 with direction to the authorities to ensure a fair and reasonable compensation be sanctioned to the first respondent and paid at the earliest. Immediately after the order of the High Court, the Managing Director, TWAD Board wrote a letter dated 03.03.2016 requesting the District Collector, Kancheepuram to fix a fair and reasonable value of the land. Thereafter, the State Level Committee meeting attended by the High Level Officers had been convened and the matter was considered and discussed at length. The State High Level Committee felt that the case would neither fall under the ambit of Land Acquisition Act nor under ‘Private Negotiation’ and therefore, the Committee felt that it has no role to play and that the District Collector is competent to fix the value of the land and the State Level Committee remitted the matter to the District Collector to fix the value of the land and communicate the value determined by him to the Managing Director, TWAD Board so that a fair and reasonable compensation is sanctioned to the first respondent within the time limit fixed by the High Court in the order passed in Writ Petition No. 3874/2016.”

                                It cannot be lost on us that it is then pointed out in para 12 that, “A party can be proceeded for disobedience of the order of the court only when there is willful disobedience and non-compliance of the order passed by the court. On perusal of the order dated 03.02.2016 passed in Writ Petition No. 3874/2016, it is seen that in the said order, court has only directed the authorities to ensure fair and reasonable compensation be sanctioned to the first respondent and be paid at the earliest. The officers quickly acted in order to comply with the direction of the High Court. When the direction was only to consider the case of the first respondent foe ensuring fair and reasonable compensation and having regard to the swift action taken by the appellant and other officials, in our view, there was no disobedience of the order of the court, much less willful disobedience to invoke contempt jurisdiction.”

                                   More pertinently, it is then disclosed in para 13 that, “After the State Level Committee remitted the matter to the District Collector, the District Collector conducted a detailed enquiry and took into consideration the prevailing guideline value as on 01.04.2012. After examining the report of the Sub-Registrar, Walajabad and taking into consideration the guideline value, by proceeding dated 23.05.2016 the District Collector fixed the land value at Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. which was the guideline value as on 01.04.2012. As pointed out earlier, the total value of the land was arrived at Rs. 75,42,800/- and the interest at the rate of 12% totalling Rs. 1,11,80,723/- was paid to the first respondent which the first respondent received under protest. In compliance of the order of the High Court, the District Collector passed the order fixing the land value at the rate of Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. as on 01.04.2012 (though the land came to be in occupation of TWAD Board way back in 1991). The first respondent has not challenged the said compensation fixed at the rate of Rs. 200/- sq. ft. as on 01.04.2012 in the manner known to law. In compliance of the order of the High Court, when the amount has been paid to the first respondent, in our considered view, there was no disobedience or non-compliance of the order of the court to entertain the contempt petition.”

                                It must be highlighted here now that in para 14, while citing the relevant case law, it is pointed out exclusively, eruditely and explicitly that, “In Sushila Raje Holkar v. Anil Kak (Retired) (2008) 14 SCC 392, the Supreme Court held that whether contempt has been committed or not is a matter of mechanical application of mind. In a given case, it has to be tested having regard to the subject matter of the proceeding in which it is made and the nexus between the alleged contumacious act. In the Writ Petition No. 3874/2016, the High Court only directed TWAD Board and its officials to ensure just and reasonable compensation be paid to the first respondent which has been duly complied with by the Board by paying the compensation fixing the land value at the rate of Rs. 200/- per sq. ft. as on 01.04.2012 as per guideline value. In compliance with the order passed by the High Court, when the compensation has been paid to the first respondent, there was no question of disobedience of the order of the court to maintain the contempt petition. Without appreciating that the order of the High Court has been duly complied with, the learned Single Judge erred in entertaining the contempt petition. Apart from entertaining the contempt petition, the learned Single Judge further fell in error in issuing positive direction to the authorities to pay further compensation at the rate of Rs. 600/- per sq. ft., which, in our considered view, is arbitrary and unsustainable.”

                                 Broadly speaking, it is then pointed out in para 15 that, “The learned senior counsel Mr. Ramamoorthy appearing for the Board submitted that when the contempt petition came up for hearing on 25.11.2016, the learned Single Judge issued oral instructions to the TWAD Board and the appellant Board was compelled to take further steps in fixing the higher land value. It is stated that though no orders were passed by the learned Single Judge on 25.11.2016, oral directions were issued by the learned Single Judge. The same is reflected in the proceeding of the District Collector dated 30.11.2016 as seen from the following:-

“….. Thereafter, the land owner filed the contempt of court petition in No. 2626/2016 before the Chennai High Court. When the aforesaid case was on trial, on 25.11.2016, as per the instructions given by the honourable Judge, today (30.11.2016) the Superintending Engineer of the TWAD Board and the District Registrar, Kanchipuram, in the meeting held by them, it is informed to the land owner as follows……”

Though much reliance was placed upon the proceedings of the District Collector dated 30.11.2016, we are constrained to observe that the said proceeding of the District Collector dated 30.11.2016 fixing the land value at the rate of Rs. 500/- per sq. ft. as on 30.11.2016 was passed under the fear of contempt of court which, in our view, is liable to be quashed. In any event, when the entry into land was way back in 1990-91, the first respondent cannot claim that compensation be paid to him on the value of the land fixed in the year 2016 as of 30.11.2016.”  

                   What’s more, it is then emphatically observed in para 16 that, “The learned senior counsel appearing for the first respondent placed reliance upon the statement of the learned Additional Advocate General who represented the Board in the Contempt Petition No. 2626/2016 who has stated “…..that the court should confirm itself to order compensation at the rate of Rs. 500/- per sq. ft.” This contention does not merit acceptance. Be it noted that when the matter was heard by the learned Single Judge on 13.02.2017, no affidavit has been filed by any responsible officer that the compensation may be paid to the first respondent at the rate of Rs. 500/- per sq. ft. Since we are quashing the order of the District Collector dated 30.11.2016, in our considered view, the first respondent cannot fall back upon statement of the learned Additional Advocate General made in the court. The respondent cannot take advantage of such oral concession made by the learned Additional Advocate General.”

                                   Finally and perhaps most importantly, let us now turn to what the concluding paras 17 and 18 says. Most of all, para 17 which is the bedrock of this entire latest, landmark and laudable judgment sums up by stipulating that, “In the contempt jurisdiction, the court has to confine itself to the four corners of the order alleged to have been disobeyed. Observing that in the contempt jurisdiction, the court cannot travel beyond the four corners of the order which is alleged to have been floated in Sudhir Vasudeva, Chairman and Managing Director, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited and others v. M. George Ravishekaran and others (2014) 3 SCC 373, speaking for the Bench, Justice Ranjan Gogoi held as under:-

“19. The power vested in the High Courts as well as this Court to punish for contempt is a special and rare power available both under the Constitution as well as the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971. It is a drastic power which, if misdirected, could even curb the liberty of the individual charged with commission of contempt. The very nature of the power casts a sacred duty in the Courts to exercise the same with the greatest of care and caution. This is also necessary as, more often than not, adjudication of a contempt plea involves a process of self determination of the sweep, meaning and effect of the order in respect of which disobedience is alleged. The Courts must not, therefore, travel beyond the four corners of the order which is alleged to have been flouted or enter into questions that have not been dealt with or decided in the judgment or the order violation of which is alleged. Only such directions which are explicitly in a judgment or order or are plainly self-evident ought to be taken into account for the purpose of consideration as to whether there has been any disobedience or willful violation of the same. Decided issues cannot be reopened; nor can the plea of equities be considered. The Courts must also ensure that while considering a contempt plea the power available to the Court in other corrective jurisdictions like review or appeal is not trenched upon. No order or direction supplemental to what has been already expressed should be issued by the Court while exercising jurisdiction in the domain of the contempt law; such an exercise is more appropriate in other jurisdictions vested in the Court, as noticed above. The above principles would appear to be the cumulative outcome of the precedents cited at the Bar, namely, Jhaneswar Prasad Pani v. Tarak Nath Ganguly (2002) 5 SCC 352, V.M. Manohar Prasad v. N. Ratnam Raju (2004) 13 SCC 610, Bihar Finance Service House Construction Coop. Society Ltd. V. Gautam Goswami (2008) 5 SCC 339 and Union of India v. Subedar Devassy PV (2006) 1 SCC 613.” [underlining added]

Applying the above principles to the present case, it is clear that the Single Judge fell in error in entertaining the contempt petition and further erred in directing the TWAD Board to pay compensation at the rate of Rs. 600/- per sq. ft. which works out to more than Rs. 4,00,00,000/-. It is public money and having implications on the public exchequer, the public money cannot be allowed to be taken away by an individual by filing contempt petition thereby arm-twisting the authorities. The order passed by the learned Single Judge affirmed by the Division Bench is ex-facie erroneous and liable to be set aside.” Lastly, para 18 concludes by holding that, “In the result, the impugned order of the Division Bench in Contempt Petition No. 2/2017 and the order of the learned Single Judge in Contempt Petition No. 2626/2016 are set aside and the appeal is allowed.”

                                  No doubt, all the courts from top to bottom must abide by what the Apex Court has said so clearly and convincingly here! The Apex Court in this noteworthy judgment has left no one in doubt that, “Court has to confine itself to the four corners of disobeyed order while exercising contempt jurisdiction.” Very rightly said! There can be no denying or disputing it!

 


Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  23 Feb 2019     Views:1005

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Introduction to Child Rights in India...
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RIGHTS OF TRANSGENDER IN INDIA...
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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE...
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NOTE ON NIRBHAY CASE CONVICTS...
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Rape and Indian laws ...
13 Jan 2020     Views:1812
An overview on Drugs Law...
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Women Prisoners ...
23 Dec 2019     Views:1421
Child Care Institutions and its Judicial Interpret...
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Montesquieu’s Theory of Separation of Powers: Ho...
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JUDICIAL REVIEW AND JUDICIAL OVER-REACH: TRANSITIO...
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Due Process Of Law For Rapists Must Speed Up Now...
10 Dec 2019     Views:1108
Human Rights Of Women Must Also Be Respected...
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Speedy Capital Punishment For Rapists Must Be Ensu...
08 Dec 2019     Views:1091
Why Only One Dhananjoy Chatterjee Hanged Till Now?...
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Why No Death Penalty For Gang Rape In India?...
07 Dec 2019     Views:983
Rape Convicts Must Be Hanged At The Earliest From ...
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No Mercy Petition And No Life Term Ever For Gang R...
02 Dec 2019     Views:1183
Section 207 CrPC: Magistrate Cannot Withhold Any D...
02 Dec 2019     Views:2390
UP Bar Council Chairman Harishankar Singh Openly C...
17 Nov 2019     Views:1556
AN UNDERSTANDING OF PRESIDENT’S RULE UNDER ART 3...
13 Nov 2019     Views:2972
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13 Nov 2019     Views:1317
Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde To Be The New CJI From...
31 Oct 2019     Views:1597
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29 Sep 2019     Views:977
Right To Access Internet Is Part Of Right To Priva...
23 Sep 2019     Views:1095
No Attempt Made To Frame Uniform Civil Code Despit...
19 Sep 2019     Views:1045
A Legal Giant Named Ram Jethmalani Finally Passes ...
09 Sep 2019     Views:865
Judicial Service – HC Can’t Modify/Relax Instr...
02 Sep 2019     Views:763
Government Notifies Strict Provisions Of Motor Veh...
31 Aug 2019     Views:838
NDPS: Reverse Burden Of Proof Does Not Absolve Pro...
30 Aug 2019     Views:1631
Institutional Independence, Financial Autonomy Int...
28 Aug 2019     Views:806
A Legal Luminary And A Political Stalwart Passes A...
25 Aug 2019     Views:869
Allahabad HC Bans DJs And Passes Directions For Re...
24 Aug 2019     Views:746
Delhi HC Refuses Anticipatory Bail To P Chidambara...
23 Aug 2019     Views:967
Chidambaram Getting No Respite From Courts...
23 Aug 2019     Views:707
Domestic Violence And Dowry Accused Set Free By Th...
22 Aug 2019     Views:3606
Bombsy HC: Treat every citizen with dignity...
20 Aug 2019     Views:3662
Integration Of J&K With India Is Now Full And Fina...
20 Aug 2019     Views:1379
Second Appeal Not To Be Dismissed Merely On The Gr...
18 Aug 2019     Views:922
Judge Can Recuse From A Case At His Own Volition, ...
17 Aug 2019     Views:1021
Don't politicize demolition of temples: SC...
16 Aug 2019     Views:3620
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16 Aug 2019     Views:3426
Charged for employing triple talaq...
16 Aug 2019     Views:1491
Earlier Convicted now Acquitted - Lack of Conclusi...
15 Aug 2019     Views:1430
MACAD Scheme to be enforced in Tamil Nadu - 1st Oc...
15 Aug 2019     Views:1406
Filing Of Criminal Complaint For Settling Civil Di...
15 Aug 2019     Views:1065
End Discrimination: Equalize legal age of Marriage...
14 Aug 2019     Views:870
Madras HC issues directions upon Officers to check...
14 Aug 2019     Views:860
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14 Aug 2019     Views:836
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13 Aug 2019     Views:1096
US Citizen approaches Bombay High Court After Bein...
13 Aug 2019     Views:1021
Normalcy need not be restored in J&K instantly : S...
13 Aug 2019     Views:879
Prohibitory Steps taken against Students for Consu...
13 Aug 2019     Views:933
Basic Amenities to Traffic Personnel ...
12 Aug 2019     Views:767
Madras HC upholds the appointment notification of ...
12 Aug 2019     Views:905
Plea against E-pharmacies struck down by Bombay HC...
12 Aug 2019     Views:859
Parliament Rightly Makes Triple Talaq Criminal But...
12 Aug 2019     Views:789
No Tax Deduction from Motor Accident Compensation ...
11 Aug 2019     Views:851
Delhi HC: Plant 50 Trees, Quash Criminal Proceedin...
11 Aug 2019     Views:778
Iyal Isai Nataka Mandram should abide by the time ...
11 Aug 2019     Views:1058
Transitory Committee to be formed for Indian Arche...
11 Aug 2019     Views:803
Outlawing Of Triple Talaq Is Highly Commendable...
11 Aug 2019     Views:826
Daring Resolve Taken By Centre On Jammu And Kashmi...
10 Aug 2019     Views:738
M Kavitha’s suspension to be reviewed...
09 Aug 2019     Views:1064
SC: Adverse Possession owing to Title over Propert...
09 Aug 2019     Views:891
Regulation of Online streaming contents out of the...
09 Aug 2019     Views:887
Constitution Cannot Be Above Country Come What May...
09 Aug 2019     Views:818
Ocean waves to be our new energy source...
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Delhi HC: Simple language to be incorporated in FI...
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Victim Has A Right To Assist The Court In A Trial ...
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Study of Lakes to be Conducted by NEERI...
07 Aug 2019     Views:1009
SC Denies Permission to Conduct DNA Tests...
07 Aug 2019     Views:934
Whatsapp's fight against interference with User-Pr...
07 Aug 2019     Views:827
Evidence Of A Solitary Witness In A Criminal Trial...
07 Aug 2019     Views:867
High Court of Karnataka set aside the retirement o...
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Study of Lakes to be Conducted by NEERI...
06 Aug 2019     Views:936
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No Room For Sympathy While Sentencing Terror Convi...
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Rejected Plea: Declaration of Vande Mataram as Nat...
05 Aug 2019     Views:1115
Madras HC corrects the computation error of Motor ...
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Fundamental Right To Privacy Not Absolute And Must...
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Diocese of Tanjore Society School gets relief from...
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THE TEMPLES IN KARNATAKA NO MORE BE GOVERNED UNDER...
03 Aug 2019     Views:1107
Triple Talaq legislation is challenged in the Delh...
03 Aug 2019     Views:821
Special Olympics International Football Championsh...
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Concession to be given to disabled persons appeari...
03 Aug 2019     Views:1319
Bombay High Court Hears Dowry Case Involving A Civ...
03 Aug 2019     Views:975
Karnataka High Court on the condition of Roads...
02 Aug 2019     Views:1170
SC ORDERS DEATH PENALTY IN COIMBATORE GANG-RAPE CA...
02 Aug 2019     Views:873
RBI Changes Features Of New Currency Notes. Bombay...
02 Aug 2019     Views:832
Interest Of Victim And Society At Large Must Also ...
02 Aug 2019     Views:807
Abolition of Colonial Decorum in Courts...
01 Aug 2019     Views:4978
Punjab & Haryana HC Bans Use Of Loudspeakers Witho...
31 Jul 2019     Views:1344
ICJ Has Rightly Called Pakistan’s Bluff In Jadha...
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Review And Reconsider Conviction And Sentencing Of...
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Plaintiff Cannot Be Forced To Add Parties Against ...
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Biggest Slap By ICJ Directly Right On The Face Of ...
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Delhi HC Imposes Rs. 50,000 Cost On Woman For Fals...
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Non-Appointment Of Judges Affects Speedy Justice: ...
16 Jul 2019     Views:813
Right To Get Anticipatory Bail Is Not Any Fundamen...
14 Jul 2019     Views:1160
Plea For Anticipatory Bail Not Maintainable Before...
13 Jul 2019     Views:1395
Divorce Cannot Be Granted Only On Ground Of Irretr...
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Right To Shelter A Fundamental Right; State Has Co...
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HC Cannot Reverse Acquittal Without Affording Oppo...
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Centre Is Legally Empowered To Create A High Court...
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Centre Must Now Immediately Order Creation Of HC B...
03 Jul 2019     Views:722
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How To Record The Evidence Of Deaf And Dumb Rape V...
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Ban Advocates From Carrying Weapons Inside Court P...
26 Jun 2019     Views:1786
Enact Strict Law To Ensure Personal Safety Of Doct...
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Mere Aggressive Behaviour Of Wife Not A Ground Of ...
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Court Cannot Destroy Faith & Beliefs Of People: Ma...
07 Jun 2019     Views:763
Insult Of Soldier In Name Of Law Is Most Disgracef...
07 Jun 2019     Views:860
Courts Cannot Decide Eligibility And Essential Qua...
20 May 2019     Views:2959
SC Upholds Constitutionality Of Section 23 Of PCPN...
20 May 2019     Views:1877
My Unflinching Faith In CJI Stands Fully Vindicate...
20 May 2019     Views:1151
Solitary Confinement Of Death Convict Prior To Rej...
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Section 498A & 306 IPC: Incidents Which Happened M...
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Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In Ind...
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Successive Bail Applications Should Be Placed Befo...
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“Drop This Episode From Your Minds And Gossips...
20 May 2019     Views:863
Is The Criticism Of In-House Procedure Justified?...
20 May 2019     Views:1000
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20 May 2019     Views:866
Section 482 CrPC: HC Should Assign Reasons As To W...
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Delhi High Court Directs Government To Set Up 18 F...
20 May 2019     Views:838
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18 May 2019     Views:829
Only Advocates Can Plead And Argue On Behalf Of Li...
09 Apr 2019     Views:2476
Nations Must Make Gun Laws More Stricter...
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SC Designates 37 Lawyers As Senior Advocates...
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SC Sets Aside Life Ban Imposed On Cricketer Sreesa...
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P&H HC Directs Protection Of Honest Officers While...
04 Apr 2019     Views:906
Death Sentence Can Be Imposed Only When Life Impri...
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Islamabad High Court Rejects Plea Against Release ...
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Lawyers Resort To Seek Unnecessary Adjournments Am...
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Even Poem Can Help Save A Death Convict From Gallo...
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Educated Woman Supposed To Be Fully Aware Of Conse...
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Jammu and Kashmir HC Upholds PM’s Employment Pac...
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Magistrate Shall Specify Whether Sentences Awarded...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1881
Mere Inability To Repay Loan Does Not Constitute C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2189
Inability To Establish Motive In A Case Of Circums...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1995
Punjab & Haryana HC Issues Slew Of Directions To C...
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Court Has to Confine Itself To The Four Corners Of...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1005
Long Pendency Amounts To A Special Reason For Impo...
23 Feb 2019     Views:954
Successive Applications For Recalling Witnesses Sh...
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Lieutenant General (Rtd) Cannot Be Tried In A Gene...
06 Feb 2019     Views:1754
Autonomy Of the Bar Cannot Be Taken Over By The Co...
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Casual Act Of Possession Over Property Does Not Co...
04 Feb 2019     Views:1649
No Authority Can Claim Privilege Not To Comply Wit...
04 Feb 2019     Views:1810
Death Sentence Only When The Alternative Option Is...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2009
SC Imposes Rs 5 Crore Penalty On A Medical College...
28 Jan 2019     Views:1324
A Judicial Officer Is Not An Ordinary Government S...
25 Jan 2019     Views:1511
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23 Jan 2019     Views:1552
Mere Allegations Of Harassment Without Proximate P...
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Mutual Consent Divorce Procedure in Chennai Family...
21 Jan 2019     Views:5101
Quick Divorce in India...
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4 Important things to file Divorce in Chennai...
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How to get Divorce for Muslim Men ...
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Offences Under Section 307 IPC Can’t Be Quashed ...
17 Jan 2019     Views:2715
Suspicion, Howsoever Grave, Can’t Substitute Pro...
17 Jan 2019     Views:917
Delhi HC Rejects AJL's Plea Against Centre's Order...
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SC Dismisses Petitions Seeking Probe Into Rafale D...
20 Dec 2018     Views:1828
Executive Magistrate Cannot Direct Police To Regis...
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20 Dec 2018     Views:1127
recheck...
19 Dec 2018     Views:1362
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12 Dec 2018     Views:1331
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11 Dec 2018     Views:1379
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26 Nov 2018     Views:1721
SLP Against Death Sentence Shall Not Be Dismissed ...
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SC Allows Live-Streaming Of Public Proceedings In ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1521
Sexual Offenders Registry For Law Enforcement Agen...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1590
Delhi HC Sentences 16 Policemen To Life Imprisonme...
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Men Too Have Right Not To Be Defamed And Denounced...
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Courts Have To Adequately Consider Defence Of The ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:931
CJI Ranjan Gogoi Demonstrates His Firm Resolve And...
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SC Issues Directions On Examination Of Witnesses I...
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Aadhaar Held Mandatory For Government Subsidies An...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1198
Legal Article Now Bar Council ID Card Is Valid Id...
01 Nov 2018     Views:1926
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01 Nov 2018     Views:1845
Devotion Cannot Be Subjected To Gender Discriminat...
23 Oct 2018     Views:3063
There Cannot Be Any Mechanical Denial Of Appointme...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2166
Rights Of Accused Far Outweigh That Of Victims, Ne...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1111
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23 Oct 2018     Views:1804
Extra-Judicial Confession Of Accused Need Not In A...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1330
Leaders Of Outfits Calling For Mob Violence Liable...
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23 Oct 2018     Views:1431
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Reputation Of An Individual Is An Insegregable Fac...
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17 Sep 2018     Views:1128
Uttarakhand HC Dismisses “Contempt Petition” A...
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08 Sep 2018     Views:1190
Mirchpur Dalit Killings: “Atrocities Against SCs...
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03 Sep 2018     Views:1578
NDPS Bail Conditions Discriminatory, Irrational An...
31 Aug 2018     Views:2367
People Without A Degree Performing Surgeries: Utta...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1178
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions For Conserving ...
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28 Aug 2018     Views:1392
MP HC To Debar Members/Office Bearers Of Bar Counc...
22 Aug 2018     Views:1102
Special Squad, Police Patrolling Every 24 Hours To...
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NRC Being Prepared Under Supreme Court’s Watch I...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1199
Victims Of Crime Can Seek Cancellation Of Bail: MP...
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Delhi HC Strikes Down Provisions In Law That Crimi...
13 Aug 2018     Views:1401
Delhi HC Quashes Govt Notification Revising Minimu...
09 Aug 2018     Views:1264
Poorest Of Poor Cannot Go To Private Hospitals: Ut...
07 Aug 2018     Views:1668
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Just Keep Strikin...
04 Aug 2018     Views:1608
Courts Must See That The Public Doesn’t Lose Con...
04 Aug 2018     Views:1257
UK Tier 1 Entrepreneur Visa: Overview from Experts...
31 Jul 2018     Views:1163
Enact Law For Safety Of Soldiers Of Jammu And Kash...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1225
SC Advocates Creating A Special Law Against Lynchi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2418
Matrimonial Discord Can’t Be Considered As Reaso...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2137
Uttarakhand HC Recommends Govt To Enact Legislatio...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2473
High Court Priests Cannot Refuse To Perform Religi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1679
Uttarakhand High Court Passes String Of Directions...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1058
SC Finally Decides Master Of Roster Case...
23 Jul 2018     Views:963
Stone Pelters And Terrorists Have No Right To Life...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1222
Remove Designations Like Police, HC, Journalist, A...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1085
Why Centre is Providing Security For Separatists B...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1227
Farmer Suicide Due To Bankruptcy Or Indebtedness: ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:3577
Every Indian Should Salute Brave Soldier Aurangzeb...
05 Jul 2018     Views:2360
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions To Curb Drug Pedd...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1883
Have A Functional National Law University Within 3...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1566
Establish Regional Bench Of AFT In The State Withi...
05 Jul 2018     Views:987
Cancel Licences of Drivers Using Cell Phones; Helm...
05 Jul 2018     Views:895
Uttarakhand High Court Puts Restrictions On Noise ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:960
Supreme Court To Look Into Validity Of Amended Law...
05 Jul 2018     Views:992
Mysterious Deaths, Rapes, Malnutrition, Unsanitary...
29 Jun 2018     Views:1964
No Politics Please Over Plan To Assassinate PM Mod...
11 Jun 2018     Views:1446
Free Mentally Ill Children And Formulate Policies ...
11 Jun 2018     Views:1830
Landmark Ruling By Uttarakhand HC On Solitary Conf...
07 Jun 2018     Views:2216
Right Of Adult Couple To Live Together Without Mar...
06 Jun 2018     Views:1550
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06 Jun 2018     Views:1670
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05 Jun 2018     Views:1139
Women Governed By Muslim Personal Law Can Invoke P...
04 Jun 2018     Views:982
Why Is BJP Not Creating More Benches In UP?...
01 Jun 2018     Views:958
Probation Period To Count For New Civil Servants B...
01 Jun 2018     Views:2586
SC Women Lawyers Association Seeks Chemical Castra...
01 Jun 2018     Views:940
SC Finally Steps In To Expedite POCSO Cases...
01 Jun 2018     Views:2098
UP Former CMs Can’t Stay In Govt Bungalows: SC...
01 Jun 2018     Views:887
Make BCCI A Public Body: Law Panel...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1034
Self-Styled Godman Asaram Awarded Life Until Death...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1075
Why Cases Withdrawn Against Stone Pelters In Kashm...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1131
A High Court Bench For West UP In Meerut Is Impera...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1248
People Of Karnataka Should Worship Congress...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1214
Delhi HC Upholds Life Term To Seven Policemen...
19 Mar 2018     Views:971
Finance Act-2018 And Customs Act-1962 (Amendments)...
28 Feb 2018     Views:1018
Why No Death Or Life Term For Corruption?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:892
Will Electoral Bonds Usher In Transparency?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:864
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Keep Striking?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:943
Finance Act 2018 and Customs Act 1962...
18 Feb 2018     Views:1270
Why Has Stone Pelting Been Legalised In Kashmir?...
12 Feb 2018     Views:963
Shopian Firing: Major's Dad Moving SC For Quashing...
12 Feb 2018     Views:909
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Kill Stone Pelt...
12 Feb 2018     Views:2172
Attack On Lawyers: Delhi HC Issues Notice To Delhi...
10 Feb 2018     Views:949
Female Foeticide Must Be Punished Most Strictly...
10 Feb 2018     Views:940
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Act In Self Def...
10 Feb 2018     Views:886
New Consumer Protection Bill 2018 Will Entail More...
10 Feb 2018     Views:892
CJI Brings Out A Roster To Allot Cases...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1432
Five Year Jail Term For Lalu In Third Fodder Scam ...
10 Feb 2018     Views:974
SC Quashes All The 88 Mining Leases In Goa...
10 Feb 2018     Views:978
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 (PMLA-20...
07 Feb 2018     Views:875
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 Amended ...
04 Feb 2018     Views:1310
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 --U/S 45(...
03 Feb 2018     Views:1219
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 (P...
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humanity...
13 Jan 2018     Views:881
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 PMLA...
13 Jan 2018     Views:897
Right to Know...
05 Jan 2018     Views:1269
A STUDY OF CERTAIN DEDUCTIONS ON INCOME TAX RELATI...
29 Dec 2017     Views:1457
Enviornment protection is for saving universe...
28 Dec 2017     Views:910
RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND STATUS OF SECTION 377, IPC, 1...
26 Dec 2017     Views:1088
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LEGALITY : LEGALITY OF MARITAL RAPE...
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RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND DIRECTION FOR MANDATORY AADHA...
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THE PARADOX OF PLEA BARGAINING...
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JOURNEY OF EVMs AMIDST CONTROVERSIES ...
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UIDAI suspends Airtel, Airtel Payments and Banks e...
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2G Scam : The 2G Scam and much more...
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