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  • ARTICLE 141: DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT

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ARTICLE 141: DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT

Courtesy/By: SANKALPITA PAL  |  04 May 2020     Views:21248

Article 141-
Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts: The law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.

The doctrine of Precedent refers to the concept that the court is to follow judicial decisionspronounced in previous cases, when faced with the same factual carve-out, questions in subsequent matters. Doctrine of Precedent is also interchangeably used for Principle of Stare Decisis which was widely accepted in England at the end of the 19th century. However, there is a very fine line of difference between Stare Decisis and Precedent. This clearly is a western concept.

In the Indian Constitution this doctrine is charted under Article 141 and specifically entitles the Supreme Court to have this binding authority over other courts. The theoretical basis for the legislature to bestow such binding authority and the status of law(constitutional status) to a premanicured decision on a question of law is to add a sense of certainty, consistency and predictability to the legal system of India.

According to Salmond, the phrase ‘the doctrine of precedent’ has various meanings. A very loose and vague interpretation of this doctrine includes, precedents are reported, cited and will probably be followed by courts. On the other hand in its strict and rather a more legal sense, in certain circumstances, precedents have a great binding authority over courts thus making them bound by previously decided cases. The civil law countries (where law is mostly codified)– Germany, Italy, France etc- use the Doctrine only in the former sense. The common law countries such as India, England, America and apply the Doctrine in the latter sense.

There are three kinds of sources of laws:

  1. Customary law- custom;
  2. Enacted law- legislation is treated as its source;
  3. Case law- precedents

This doctrine can be said to have various namesakes ranging from Stare Decisis in England to Jurisprudence Constante in France etc.

Difference in Precedent and Stare Decisis

Stare decisis is a Latin term which means 'to stand by things decided.' A doctrine and principle in its literal sense can be used interchangeably. Thus, a principle is not as strict as law. The existence of a principle doesn’t necessarily mean that it can’t be broken.

The doctrine of stare decisis when established in a country’s legal system then it obligates the court to look back at it previously decided cases when making their decisions. If while giving the new decision if it is found that the preceding case doesn’t have a sound judicial ground then it can be overtured or overruled. Thus, a doctrine can be broken. Precedents are just a subset of this doctrine. The past decisions are known as precedent. Precedent is a court’s previous decision. This decision sets an example, for judges and authority while deciding either factually similar or identical cases.

Doctrine of Stare Decisis just facilitates and obligates the courts to look back at these previous decisions. This also shows that the binding authority of precedents is much lesser than established statutes and the constitution.

Implication of Article 141 of the Constitution is that in India it makes the ‘law declared’ by the Supreme Court binding on all courts within the territory in India. The Expression ‘law declared’ implies the law creating role of the Supreme Court.

Once again the Supreme Court is not bound by its own decisions. In Bengal Immunity Co. v. State of Bihar the court observed that there is nothing in the Indian constitution that prevent the Supreme Court from departing from its own previous decision if it is convinced of its error and baneful effect on public interest.

As far as the high courts are concerned, the decisions of a High Court have a great binding authority over all subordinate courts within the jurisdiction of High Court.

Role of Foreign Precedents in the Indian Legal system

Due to India’s long colonial history, the country’s legal system has heavily relied on its previous western influence. As far as adopting common law system. Thus, Doctrine of Precedent is an indelible imprint left by our colonial past.

The famous Wednesbury principles can be considered a well fitted example for this particular section of this research paper. These principles have been diluted quite recently. However it is one the most prominent tests of unreasonableness which has been applied by Indian courts time and again.

Few objections were  made against the citation of foreign precedents in constitutional cases.

The first objection is based on the reasoning that foreign judges are not responsible to the electorate. There will be a breach of public morality if reliance is placed solely on their decisions may amount to arbitrary misuse of powers and this would hurt Judicil conscience.

Secondly Concept of exceptionalsm isn’t possible in India as the whole constitutional framework is based on different other constitutions. This the very reason why there are so many western concepts incorporated in the constitution.

Using foreign precedents in order to facilitate the expansion of ‘judicial discretion’ is a very sugar-coated and impractical view. Judges may use their powers arbitrarily and can prolong a bad precedent too.

Foreign precedents should be introduced in the legal system only till when it is not going to cause delay in deciding a case and its introduction must have real purpose. Also an unnecessary executive action shouldn’t be allowed to pervert the course of justice.


Courtesy/By: SANKALPITA PAL  |  04 May 2020     Views:21248

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My Unflinching Faith In CJI Stands Fully Vindicate...
20 May 2019     Views:1831
Solitary Confinement Of Death Convict Prior To Rej...
20 May 2019     Views:2161
Section 498A & 306 IPC: Incidents Which Happened M...
20 May 2019     Views:5665
Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In Ind...
20 May 2019     Views:1602
Successive Bail Applications Should Be Placed Befo...
20 May 2019     Views:8850
“Drop This Episode From Your Minds And Gossips...
20 May 2019     Views:1473
Is The Criticism Of In-House Procedure Justified?...
20 May 2019     Views:1689
Mere Pendency Of Civil Case Between Complainant An...
20 May 2019     Views:1403
Section 482 CrPC: HC Should Assign Reasons As To W...
20 May 2019     Views:3150
Delhi High Court Directs Government To Set Up 18 F...
20 May 2019     Views:1492
No New Appointments To Be Made From In-Service Can...
18 May 2019     Views:1345
Only Advocates Can Plead And Argue On Behalf Of Li...
09 Apr 2019     Views:3452
Nations Must Make Gun Laws More Stricter...
04 Apr 2019     Views:4250
SC Designates 37 Lawyers As Senior Advocates...
04 Apr 2019     Views:6712
Adding Additional Accused: To Invoke Section 319 C...
04 Apr 2019     Views:6455
SC Sets Aside Life Ban Imposed On Cricketer Sreesa...
04 Apr 2019     Views:1754
P&H HC Directs Protection Of Honest Officers While...
04 Apr 2019     Views:1542
Death Sentence Can Be Imposed Only When Life Impri...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2093
Islamabad High Court Rejects Plea Against Release ...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2258
Lawyers Resort To Seek Unnecessary Adjournments Am...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2335
Even Poem Can Help Save A Death Convict From Gallo...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2375
Educated Woman Supposed To Be Fully Aware Of Conse...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1396
Jammu and Kashmir HC Upholds PM’s Employment Pac...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1836
Magistrate Shall Specify Whether Sentences Awarded...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2539
Mere Inability To Repay Loan Does Not Constitute C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:3049
Inability To Establish Motive In A Case Of Circums...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2799
Punjab & Haryana HC Issues Slew Of Directions To C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:3080
Court Has to Confine Itself To The Four Corners Of...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1536
Long Pendency Amounts To A Special Reason For Impo...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1605
Successive Applications For Recalling Witnesses Sh...
23 Feb 2019     Views:3140
Lieutenant General (Rtd) Cannot Be Tried In A Gene...
06 Feb 2019     Views:2457
Autonomy Of the Bar Cannot Be Taken Over By The Co...
05 Feb 2019     Views:3154
Casual Act Of Possession Over Property Does Not Co...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2400
No Authority Can Claim Privilege Not To Comply Wit...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2632
Death Sentence Only When The Alternative Option Is...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2718
SC Imposes Rs 5 Crore Penalty On A Medical College...
28 Jan 2019     Views:2004
A Judicial Officer Is Not An Ordinary Government S...
25 Jan 2019     Views:2129
Rape And Murder Of 8 Year Old Girl: SC Commutes De...
23 Jan 2019     Views:2166
Mere Allegations Of Harassment Without Proximate P...
23 Jan 2019     Views:2795
Legal Article Why Should They Speak Lies: Decease...
23 Jan 2019     Views:1677
Can a Economic offender can escape by surrendering...
22 Jan 2019     Views:1555
NCW is a Lame Duck or Legal Guardian for women...
22 Jan 2019     Views:1457
Mutual Consent Divorce Procedure in Chennai Family...
21 Jan 2019     Views:6581
Quick Divorce in India...
21 Jan 2019     Views:1589
4 Important things to file Divorce in Chennai...
21 Jan 2019     Views:1760
How to get Divorce for Muslim Men ...
21 Jan 2019     Views:11980
Offences Under Section 307 IPC Can’t Be Quashed ...
17 Jan 2019     Views:3684
Suspicion, Howsoever Grave, Can’t Substitute Pro...
17 Jan 2019     Views:1541
Delhi HC Rejects AJL's Plea Against Centre's Order...
03 Jan 2019     Views:2508
1984 Anti-Sikh Riots: Delhi HC Awards Life Term To...
03 Jan 2019     Views:2224
SC Dismisses Petitions Seeking Probe Into Rafale D...
20 Dec 2018     Views:2631
Executive Magistrate Cannot Direct Police To Regis...
20 Dec 2018     Views:3180
Why Lawyers Of West UP Are Compelled To Strike Fre...
20 Dec 2018     Views:1789
recheck...
19 Dec 2018     Views:2347
1984 Anti-Sikh Riots – Delhi HC Upholds Convicti...
12 Dec 2018     Views:1953
Why Lawless West UP Has No High Court Bench?...
11 Dec 2018     Views:2251
Bombay HC Quashes Government Resolution Making It ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:2369
SLP Against Death Sentence Shall Not Be Dismissed ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:2426
SC Allows Live-Streaming Of Public Proceedings In ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:2279
Sexual Offenders Registry For Law Enforcement Agen...
26 Nov 2018     Views:3896
Delhi HC Sentences 16 Policemen To Life Imprisonme...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1557
Men Too Have Right Not To Be Defamed And Denounced...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1670
Courts Have To Adequately Consider Defence Of The ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1524
CJI Ranjan Gogoi Demonstrates His Firm Resolve And...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1457
SC Issues Directions On Examination Of Witnesses I...
26 Nov 2018     Views:3028
Aadhaar Held Mandatory For Government Subsidies An...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1902
Legal Article Now Bar Council ID Card Is Valid Id...
01 Nov 2018     Views:2645
SC Sets Deadline On Sale Of BS-IV Vehicles; Says H...
01 Nov 2018     Views:2476
Devotion Cannot Be Subjected To Gender Discriminat...
23 Oct 2018     Views:3768
There Cannot Be Any Mechanical Denial Of Appointme...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2813
Rights Of Accused Far Outweigh That Of Victims, Ne...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1697
SC Strikes Down 158 Year Old Adultery Law Under Se...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2709
Extra-Judicial Confession Of Accused Need Not In A...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1929
Leaders Of Outfits Calling For Mob Violence Liable...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1705
Section 377 IPC Decriminalised Partially By Supre...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2200
New CJI Ranjan Gogoi Is Determined To Ensure Sweep...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2089
Court Must Not Go Deep Into The Matter While Consi...
26 Sep 2018     Views:2393
Reputation Of An Individual Is An Insegregable Fac...
26 Sep 2018     Views:3174
Sec. 498A IPC: Only HC Can Quash Cases On Settleme...
18 Sep 2018     Views:4086
Punjab & Haryana HC Orders Rape Convict, Mother To...
17 Sep 2018     Views:2463
Bombay HC Imposes Cost Of Rs 50K On Petitioner Fir...
17 Sep 2018     Views:1733
Uttarakhand HC Dismisses “Contempt Petition” A...
14 Sep 2018     Views:1805
SC Stresses On Need To Develop And Recognize ‘De...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1748
Mirchpur Dalit Killings: “Atrocities Against SCs...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1888
SC Upholds Pan India Reservation Rule in Delhi; Bu...
03 Sep 2018     Views:2189
NDPS Bail Conditions Discriminatory, Irrational An...
31 Aug 2018     Views:3051
People Without A Degree Performing Surgeries: Utta...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1810
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions For Conserving ...
28 Aug 2018     Views:2301
12 Year Old Girl’s Rape And Murder: Constitute P...
28 Aug 2018     Views:2043
MP HC To Debar Members/Office Bearers Of Bar Counc...
22 Aug 2018     Views:1759
Special Squad, Police Patrolling Every 24 Hours To...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1887
NRC Being Prepared Under Supreme Court’s Watch I...
20 Aug 2018     Views:1906
Victims Of Crime Can Seek Cancellation Of Bail: MP...
20 Aug 2018     Views:2062
Delhi HC Strikes Down Provisions In Law That Crimi...
13 Aug 2018     Views:2114
Delhi HC Quashes Govt Notification Revising Minimu...
09 Aug 2018     Views:2070
Poorest Of Poor Cannot Go To Private Hospitals: Ut...
07 Aug 2018     Views:2386
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Just Keep Strikin...
04 Aug 2018     Views:2341
Courts Must See That The Public Doesn’t Lose Con...
04 Aug 2018     Views:1859
UK Tier 1 Entrepreneur Visa: Overview from Experts...
31 Jul 2018     Views:1943
Enact Law For Safety Of Soldiers Of Jammu And Kash...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1813
SC Advocates Creating A Special Law Against Lynchi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3179
Matrimonial Discord Can’t Be Considered As Reaso...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3178
Uttarakhand HC Recommends Govt To Enact Legislatio...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3014
High Court Priests Cannot Refuse To Perform Religi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2292
Uttarakhand High Court Passes String Of Directions...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1636
SC Finally Decides Master Of Roster Case...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1592
Stone Pelters And Terrorists Have No Right To Life...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2125
Remove Designations Like Police, HC, Journalist, A...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2085
Why Centre is Providing Security For Separatists B...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1880
Farmer Suicide Due To Bankruptcy Or Indebtedness: ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:4631
Every Indian Should Salute Brave Soldier Aurangzeb...
05 Jul 2018     Views:3279
Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions To Curb Drug Pedd...
05 Jul 2018     Views:2596
Have A Functional National Law University Within 3...
05 Jul 2018     Views:2209
Establish Regional Bench Of AFT In The State Withi...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1603
Cancel Licences of Drivers Using Cell Phones; Helm...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1488
Uttarakhand High Court Puts Restrictions On Noise ...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1657
Supreme Court To Look Into Validity Of Amended Law...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1478
Mysterious Deaths, Rapes, Malnutrition, Unsanitary...
29 Jun 2018     Views:2646
No Politics Please Over Plan To Assassinate PM Mod...
11 Jun 2018     Views:2051
Free Mentally Ill Children And Formulate Policies ...
11 Jun 2018     Views:2488
Landmark Ruling By Uttarakhand HC On Solitary Conf...
07 Jun 2018     Views:3074
Right Of Adult Couple To Live Together Without Mar...
06 Jun 2018     Views:2175
Why BJP Will Be Wiped Out In West UP And UP?...
06 Jun 2018     Views:2263
Why UP Has Just One High Court Bench And West UP N...
05 Jun 2018     Views:1792
Women Governed By Muslim Personal Law Can Invoke P...
04 Jun 2018     Views:1539
Why Is BJP Not Creating More Benches In UP?...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1697
Probation Period To Count For New Civil Servants B...
01 Jun 2018     Views:3457
SC Women Lawyers Association Seeks Chemical Castra...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1519
SC Finally Steps In To Expedite POCSO Cases...
01 Jun 2018     Views:2947
UP Former CMs Can’t Stay In Govt Bungalows: SC...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1473
Make BCCI A Public Body: Law Panel...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1781
Self-Styled Godman Asaram Awarded Life Until Death...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1707
Why Cases Withdrawn Against Stone Pelters In Kashm...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1875
A High Court Bench For West UP In Meerut Is Impera...
01 Jun 2018     Views:2054
People Of Karnataka Should Worship Congress...
01 Jun 2018     Views:1889
Delhi HC Upholds Life Term To Seven Policemen...
19 Mar 2018     Views:1606
Finance Act-2018 And Customs Act-1962 (Amendments)...
28 Feb 2018     Views:1725
Why No Death Or Life Term For Corruption?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1531
Will Electoral Bonds Usher In Transparency?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1491
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Keep Striking?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1595
Finance Act 2018 and Customs Act 1962...
18 Feb 2018     Views:2058
Why Has Stone Pelting Been Legalised In Kashmir?...
12 Feb 2018     Views:1643
Shopian Firing: Major's Dad Moving SC For Quashing...
12 Feb 2018     Views:1548
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Kill Stone Pelt...
12 Feb 2018     Views:2923
Attack On Lawyers: Delhi HC Issues Notice To Delhi...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1521
Female Foeticide Must Be Punished Most Strictly...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1789
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Act In Self Def...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1530
New Consumer Protection Bill 2018 Will Entail More...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1561
CJI Brings Out A Roster To Allot Cases...
10 Feb 2018     Views:2094
Five Year Jail Term For Lalu In Third Fodder Scam ...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1623
SC Quashes All The 88 Mining Leases In Goa...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1671
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 (PMLA-20...
07 Feb 2018     Views:1673
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 Amended ...
04 Feb 2018     Views:2170
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 --U/S 45(...
03 Feb 2018     Views:2013
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 (P...
16 Jan 2018     Views:1730
humanity...
13 Jan 2018     Views:1491
Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 PMLA...
13 Jan 2018     Views:1520
Right to Know...
05 Jan 2018     Views:1978
A STUDY OF CERTAIN DEDUCTIONS ON INCOME TAX RELATI...
29 Dec 2017     Views:2174
Enviornment protection is for saving universe...
28 Dec 2017     Views:1491
RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND STATUS OF SECTION 377, IPC, 1...
26 Dec 2017     Views:1758
PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EXISTING POLICE SYSTEM...
26 Dec 2017     Views:1583
LEGALITY : LEGALITY OF MARITAL RAPE...
26 Dec 2017     Views:2506
RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND DIRECTION FOR MANDATORY AADHA...
26 Dec 2017     Views:1697
THE PARADOX OF PLEA BARGAINING...
26 Dec 2017     Views:2475
JOURNEY OF EVMs AMIDST CONTROVERSIES ...
26 Dec 2017     Views:1606
UIDAI suspends Airtel, Airtel Payments and Banks e...
26 Dec 2017     Views:2099
2G Scam : The 2G Scam and much more...
26 Dec 2017     Views:2330
Kerala teen surveillance case: Invasion of Privacy...
26 Dec 2017     Views:1767
Motherhood or Employment- the judicial perspective...
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