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  • HC Cannot Reverse Acquittal Without Affording Opportunity Of Hearing To Accused Or By Appointing An Amicus Curiae: SC

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HC Cannot Reverse Acquittal Without Affording Opportunity Of Hearing To Accused Or By Appointing An Amicus Curiae: SC

Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  06 Jul 2019     Views:1310

It has to be remarked right at the outset before dwelling on other aspects that in a latest, landmark and laudable judgment titled Christopher Raj Vs K Vijayakumar in Criminal Appeal Nos. 986-987 of 2019 (Arising out of SLP (Crl.) Nos. 7717-7718 of 2018) delivered on July 5, 2019, the Supreme Court has observed that the High Court in a criminal appeal cannot reverse the acquittal without affording any opportunity of hearing to the accused or by appointing an amicus curiae to argue the matter on his behalf if he does not enter appearance. The Apex Court Bench found favour with the contention that in the absence of the counsel for the accused, the High Court should not have decided the appeal on merits. Very rightly so! In doing so, the Apex Court Bench has adhered to the legal maxim “audi alteram partem” which clearly means that, “listen to the other side” or “let the other side be heard as well”. It enunciates that no person should be judged without a fair hearing in which each party is given the opportunity to respond to the evidence against them.

                                          To start with, the ball is set rolling first and foremost in para 1 of this landmark judgment authored by Justice R Banumathi for herself and Justice AS Bopanna by observing that, “Leave granted”. Para 2 then illustrates the reason for the appellant-accused preferring the appeal while stating that, “The appellant-accused has preferred these appeals challenging the orders passed by the High Court of Madras dated 06.07.2018 and 23.06.2018 in Crl. A (MD) No. 608 of 2007, by which the High Court has reversed the acquittal of the appellant-accused and convicted him under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and imposed a fine of Rs. 60,000/- in default to undergo simple imprisonment for six months.”

                          While stating the facts, it is then observed in para 3 that, “Brief facts which led to filing of these appeals are as follows:-

The appellant-accused and the respondent-complainant are friends. On 12.08.2001, the appellant-accused borrowed a sum of Rs. 30,000/- from the respondent-complainant. The appellant-accused has issued a post-dated cheque drawn on Kuzhithurai Canara Bank dated 04.09.2003 of Rs. 30,000/-.”

                                         Furthermore, it is then stated in para 4 that, “The respondent-complainant presented the cheque in his Co-operative Bank Account on 16.01.2004 for collection. However, the cheque was returned from the bank on 19.01.2004 due to insufficient funds. The respondent-complainant sent a statutory notice on 12.02.2004 to the appellant-accused. Thereafter, the respondent-complainant filed the complaint before the Judicial Magistrate No. 1, Kuzhithurai.”

                           Going forward, para 5 then spells out that, “In the trial court, PW-1 and PW-2 were examined and Exhibits P-1 to P-7 were marked. The appellant-accused has not adduced any evidence. Upon consideration of the evidence, the trial court held that the amount was borrowed in the year 2001 and the cheque was presented for collection after three years of borrowing the loan. The trial court took the view that the cheque was valid for six months and that the cheque was not presented within a period of six months from the date of payment of the amount and issuance of cheque. The trial court held that the charges levelled against the appellant-accused are not proved and on those findings, the trial court acquitted the appellant-accused.” 

                                  Not stopping here, it is then pointed out in para 6 that, “Being aggrieved, the respondent-complainant preferred appeal before the High Court. In the appeal so preferred by the respondent before the High Court, there was no representation for the appellant-accused. Upon hearing the respondent-complainant, the High Court held that the cheque was returned due to “insufficient funds” and not “as time barred cheque”. The High Court further found that the respondent-complainant has proved the statutory requirements and held that the findings of the trial court is erroneous. The High Court set aside the judgment of the trial court and convicted the appellant-accused under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and imposed a fine of Rs. 60,000/- in default to undergo simple imprisonment for six months. Being aggrieved, the appellant-accused is before us.”

                                   To put things in perspective, it is then held in para 7 by the Apex Court Bench that, “We have heard Mr. S Nagamuthu, learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant-accused. The learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant has drawn our attention to the judgment in K.S. Panduranga vs. State of Karnataka (2013) 3 SCC 721 and submitted that in the absence of the counsel for the appellant-accused, the High Court should not have decided the appeal on merits and prayed for remitting the matter to the High Court for fresh consideration on merits.”

                                      Moving on, it is then observed in para 8 that, “The respondent-complainant though served, has not entered appearance in this appeal. The Supreme Court Legal Services Committee has nominated Col. Pahlad Singh Sharma, Advocate to appear and argue on behalf of the respondent. We have heard Col. Pahlad Singh Sharma appearing on behalf of the respondent-complainant and perused the impugned judgment and other materials on record.”

                                 More significantly, it is then held in para 9 without mincing any words that, “Admittedly, the appellant-accused did not appear in the criminal appeal before the High Court. When the accused has not entered  appearance in the High Court, in our view, the High Court should have issued second notice to the appellant-accused or the High Court Legal Services Committee to appoint an advocate or the High Court could have taken the assistance of amicus curiae. When the accused was not represented, without appointing any counsel as amicus curiae to defend the accused, the High Court ought not to have decided the criminal appeal on merits; more so, when the appellant-accused had the benefit of acquittal. The High Court erred in reversing the acquittal without affording any opportunity to the appellant-accused or by appointing an amicus curiae to argue the matter on his behalf.”

                                       What’s more, it is then held in para 10 that, “In the result, the impugned orders of the High Court in Crl.A. (MD) No. 608 of 2007 dated 06.07.2018 and 23.06.2018 are set aside and these appeals are allowed and the Criminal Appeal (MD) No. 608 of 2007 shall stand restored. The matter is remitted to the Madurai Bench of Madras High Court to consider the matter afresh. The appellant shall appear before the Madurai Bench of Madras High Court on 26.08.2019. The High Court shall issue notice to the respondent-complainant viz. K. Vijayakumar informing him about the date of hearing.”

                                 To conclude, it is then finally held in para 11 that, “The High Court shall afford sufficient opportunity to both parties and decide the matter afresh in accordance with law. We make it clear that we have not expressed any opinion on the merits of the matter.”

                                       All said and done, this noteworthy and latest judgment delivered by the Apex Court has served to sent out a very loud and clear message to all the High Courts in our country. It has minced no words in holding clearly, categorically and convincingly that the High Court erred in reversing the acquittal without affording an opportunity to the appellant-accused or by appointing an amicus curiae to argue the matter on this behalf. No doubt, before affording the order of acquittal, the least the High Court ought to have done was to afford an opportunity to the appellant-accused to present his version or ought to have appointed an amicus curiae to argue the matter on his behalf but the High Court did none of the above! This alone explains why the Supreme Court Bench in this notable case found favour with the contention of the appellant-accused and therefore set aside the order and remitted the matter to the High Court to decide the matter afresh in accordance with law.


Courtesy/By: Sanjeev Sirohi  |  06 Jul 2019     Views:1310

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Interest Of Victim And Society At Large Must Also ...
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Abolition of Colonial Decorum in Courts...
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Punjab & Haryana HC Bans Use Of Loudspeakers Witho...
31 Jul 2019     Views:2295
ICJ Has Rightly Called Pakistan’s Bluff In Jadha...
26 Jul 2019     Views:1501
Review And Reconsider Conviction And Sentencing Of...
22 Jul 2019     Views:1541
Plaintiff Cannot Be Forced To Add Parties Against ...
21 Jul 2019     Views:1739
Biggest Slap By ICJ Directly Right On The Face Of ...
19 Jul 2019     Views:1456
Delhi HC Imposes Rs. 50,000 Cost On Woman For Fals...
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Non-Appointment Of Judges Affects Speedy Justice: ...
16 Jul 2019     Views:1407
Right To Get Anticipatory Bail Is Not Any Fundamen...
14 Jul 2019     Views:1772
Plea For Anticipatory Bail Not Maintainable Before...
13 Jul 2019     Views:1934
Divorce Cannot Be Granted Only On Ground Of Irretr...
11 Jul 2019     Views:1432
Right To Shelter A Fundamental Right; State Has Co...
08 Jul 2019     Views:1533
HC Cannot Reverse Acquittal Without Affording Oppo...
06 Jul 2019     Views:1310
Centre Is Legally Empowered To Create A High Court...
05 Jul 2019     Views:2003
Centre Must Now Immediately Order Creation Of HC B...
03 Jul 2019     Views:1376
UAPA: SC Dismisses PFI Leader’s Plea Seeking Dis...
02 Jul 2019     Views:1564
How To Record The Evidence Of Deaf And Dumb Rape V...
01 Jul 2019     Views:2404
Ban Advocates From Carrying Weapons Inside Court P...
26 Jun 2019     Views:2714
Enact Strict Law To Ensure Personal Safety Of Doct...
26 Jun 2019     Views:2704
Mere Aggressive Behaviour Of Wife Not A Ground Of ...
26 Jun 2019     Views:2837
Court Cannot Destroy Faith & Beliefs Of People: Ma...
07 Jun 2019     Views:1348
Insult Of Soldier In Name Of Law Is Most Disgracef...
07 Jun 2019     Views:1659
Courts Cannot Decide Eligibility And Essential Qua...
20 May 2019     Views:4884
SC Upholds Constitutionality Of Section 23 Of PCPN...
20 May 2019     Views:2709
My Unflinching Faith In CJI Stands Fully Vindicate...
20 May 2019     Views:1867
Solitary Confinement Of Death Convict Prior To Rej...
20 May 2019     Views:2202
Section 498A & 306 IPC: Incidents Which Happened M...
20 May 2019     Views:5704
Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In Ind...
20 May 2019     Views:1640
Successive Bail Applications Should Be Placed Befo...
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“Drop This Episode From Your Minds And Gossips...
20 May 2019     Views:1510
Is The Criticism Of In-House Procedure Justified?...
20 May 2019     Views:1726
Mere Pendency Of Civil Case Between Complainant An...
20 May 2019     Views:1436
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Delhi High Court Directs Government To Set Up 18 F...
20 May 2019     Views:1526
No New Appointments To Be Made From In-Service Can...
18 May 2019     Views:1375
Only Advocates Can Plead And Argue On Behalf Of Li...
09 Apr 2019     Views:3507
Nations Must Make Gun Laws More Stricter...
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SC Designates 37 Lawyers As Senior Advocates...
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Adding Additional Accused: To Invoke Section 319 C...
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SC Sets Aside Life Ban Imposed On Cricketer Sreesa...
04 Apr 2019     Views:1783
P&H HC Directs Protection Of Honest Officers While...
04 Apr 2019     Views:1574
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19 Mar 2019     Views:2121
Islamabad High Court Rejects Plea Against Release ...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2289
Lawyers Resort To Seek Unnecessary Adjournments Am...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2371
Even Poem Can Help Save A Death Convict From Gallo...
19 Mar 2019     Views:2409
Educated Woman Supposed To Be Fully Aware Of Conse...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1421
Jammu and Kashmir HC Upholds PM’s Employment Pac...
19 Mar 2019     Views:1869
Magistrate Shall Specify Whether Sentences Awarded...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2582
Mere Inability To Repay Loan Does Not Constitute C...
23 Feb 2019     Views:3102
Inability To Establish Motive In A Case Of Circums...
23 Feb 2019     Views:2836
Punjab & Haryana HC Issues Slew Of Directions To C...
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Court Has to Confine Itself To The Four Corners Of...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1570
Long Pendency Amounts To A Special Reason For Impo...
23 Feb 2019     Views:1635
Successive Applications For Recalling Witnesses Sh...
23 Feb 2019     Views:3196
Lieutenant General (Rtd) Cannot Be Tried In A Gene...
06 Feb 2019     Views:2514
Autonomy Of the Bar Cannot Be Taken Over By The Co...
05 Feb 2019     Views:3193
Casual Act Of Possession Over Property Does Not Co...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2437
No Authority Can Claim Privilege Not To Comply Wit...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2679
Death Sentence Only When The Alternative Option Is...
04 Feb 2019     Views:2762
SC Imposes Rs 5 Crore Penalty On A Medical College...
28 Jan 2019     Views:2037
A Judicial Officer Is Not An Ordinary Government S...
25 Jan 2019     Views:2158
Rape And Murder Of 8 Year Old Girl: SC Commutes De...
23 Jan 2019     Views:2200
Mere Allegations Of Harassment Without Proximate P...
23 Jan 2019     Views:2823
Legal Article Why Should They Speak Lies: Decease...
23 Jan 2019     Views:1717
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NCW is a Lame Duck or Legal Guardian for women...
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Mutual Consent Divorce Procedure in Chennai Family...
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Quick Divorce in India...
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4 Important things to file Divorce in Chennai...
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How to get Divorce for Muslim Men ...
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Offences Under Section 307 IPC Can’t Be Quashed ...
17 Jan 2019     Views:3742
Suspicion, Howsoever Grave, Can’t Substitute Pro...
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03 Jan 2019     Views:2567
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20 Dec 2018     Views:2663
Executive Magistrate Cannot Direct Police To Regis...
20 Dec 2018     Views:3228
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11 Dec 2018     Views:2283
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26 Nov 2018     Views:2403
SLP Against Death Sentence Shall Not Be Dismissed ...
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SC Allows Live-Streaming Of Public Proceedings In ...
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Sexual Offenders Registry For Law Enforcement Agen...
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Men Too Have Right Not To Be Defamed And Denounced...
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Courts Have To Adequately Consider Defence Of The ...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1558
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SC Issues Directions On Examination Of Witnesses I...
26 Nov 2018     Views:3091
Aadhaar Held Mandatory For Government Subsidies An...
26 Nov 2018     Views:1936
Legal Article Now Bar Council ID Card Is Valid Id...
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Devotion Cannot Be Subjected To Gender Discriminat...
23 Oct 2018     Views:3801
There Cannot Be Any Mechanical Denial Of Appointme...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2844
Rights Of Accused Far Outweigh That Of Victims, Ne...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1725
SC Strikes Down 158 Year Old Adultery Law Under Se...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2775
Extra-Judicial Confession Of Accused Need Not In A...
23 Oct 2018     Views:1969
Leaders Of Outfits Calling For Mob Violence Liable...
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Section 377 IPC Decriminalised Partially By Supre...
23 Oct 2018     Views:2248
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Court Must Not Go Deep Into The Matter While Consi...
26 Sep 2018     Views:2427
Reputation Of An Individual Is An Insegregable Fac...
26 Sep 2018     Views:3214
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18 Sep 2018     Views:4137
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14 Sep 2018     Views:1835
SC Stresses On Need To Develop And Recognize ‘De...
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Mirchpur Dalit Killings: “Atrocities Against SCs...
08 Sep 2018     Views:1931
SC Upholds Pan India Reservation Rule in Delhi; Bu...
03 Sep 2018     Views:2240
NDPS Bail Conditions Discriminatory, Irrational An...
31 Aug 2018     Views:3096
People Without A Degree Performing Surgeries: Utta...
28 Aug 2018     Views:1848
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28 Aug 2018     Views:2329
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MP HC To Debar Members/Office Bearers Of Bar Counc...
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Special Squad, Police Patrolling Every 24 Hours To...
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NRC Being Prepared Under Supreme Court’s Watch I...
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Delhi HC Strikes Down Provisions In Law That Crimi...
13 Aug 2018     Views:2143
Delhi HC Quashes Govt Notification Revising Minimu...
09 Aug 2018     Views:2097
Poorest Of Poor Cannot Go To Private Hospitals: Ut...
07 Aug 2018     Views:2419
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Just Keep Strikin...
04 Aug 2018     Views:2376
Courts Must See That The Public Doesn’t Lose Con...
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UK Tier 1 Entrepreneur Visa: Overview from Experts...
31 Jul 2018     Views:1977
Enact Law For Safety Of Soldiers Of Jammu And Kash...
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SC Advocates Creating A Special Law Against Lynchi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3215
Matrimonial Discord Can’t Be Considered As Reaso...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3212
Uttarakhand HC Recommends Govt To Enact Legislatio...
23 Jul 2018     Views:3054
High Court Priests Cannot Refuse To Perform Religi...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2330
Uttarakhand High Court Passes String Of Directions...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1669
SC Finally Decides Master Of Roster Case...
23 Jul 2018     Views:1623
Stone Pelters And Terrorists Have No Right To Life...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2165
Remove Designations Like Police, HC, Journalist, A...
23 Jul 2018     Views:2125
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Farmer Suicide Due To Bankruptcy Or Indebtedness: ...
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Every Indian Should Salute Brave Soldier Aurangzeb...
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Uttarakhand HC Issues Directions To Curb Drug Pedd...
05 Jul 2018     Views:2642
Have A Functional National Law University Within 3...
05 Jul 2018     Views:2238
Establish Regional Bench Of AFT In The State Withi...
05 Jul 2018     Views:1636
Cancel Licences of Drivers Using Cell Phones; Helm...
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Supreme Court To Look Into Validity Of Amended Law...
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No Politics Please Over Plan To Assassinate PM Mod...
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Free Mentally Ill Children And Formulate Policies ...
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Landmark Ruling By Uttarakhand HC On Solitary Conf...
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Right Of Adult Couple To Live Together Without Mar...
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Why BJP Will Be Wiped Out In West UP And UP?...
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Women Governed By Muslim Personal Law Can Invoke P...
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Why Is BJP Not Creating More Benches In UP?...
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Probation Period To Count For New Civil Servants B...
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SC Women Lawyers Association Seeks Chemical Castra...
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SC Finally Steps In To Expedite POCSO Cases...
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UP Former CMs Can’t Stay In Govt Bungalows: SC...
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Make BCCI A Public Body: Law Panel...
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Self-Styled Godman Asaram Awarded Life Until Death...
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A High Court Bench For West UP In Meerut Is Impera...
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People Of Karnataka Should Worship Congress...
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Delhi HC Upholds Life Term To Seven Policemen...
19 Mar 2018     Views:1640
Finance Act-2018 And Customs Act-1962 (Amendments)...
28 Feb 2018     Views:1766
Why No Death Or Life Term For Corruption?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1559
Will Electoral Bonds Usher In Transparency?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1518
How Long Will Lawyers Of West UP Keep Striking?...
19 Feb 2018     Views:1636
Finance Act 2018 and Customs Act 1962...
18 Feb 2018     Views:2107
Why Has Stone Pelting Been Legalised In Kashmir?...
12 Feb 2018     Views:1671
Shopian Firing: Major's Dad Moving SC For Quashing...
12 Feb 2018     Views:1587
Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Kill Stone Pelt...
12 Feb 2018     Views:2966
Attack On Lawyers: Delhi HC Issues Notice To Delhi...
10 Feb 2018     Views:1560
Female Foeticide Must Be Punished Most Strictly...
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Soldiers Have Every Legal Right To Act In Self Def...
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New Consumer Protection Bill 2018 Will Entail More...
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CJI Brings Out A Roster To Allot Cases...
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Five Year Jail Term For Lalu In Third Fodder Scam ...
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SC Quashes All The 88 Mining Leases In Goa...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 (PMLA-20...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 Amended ...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act -2002 --U/S 45(...
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Prevention Of Money Laundering Act-2002 PMLA...
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Right to Know...
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A STUDY OF CERTAIN DEDUCTIONS ON INCOME TAX RELATI...
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Enviornment protection is for saving universe...
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2G Scam : The 2G Scam and much more...
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